To achieve high-performance Sb-based anodes for Na-ion battery (NIB), various approaches for obtaining amorphous C-containing Sb composite (Sb@C), Sb-based intermetallic compounds (TiSb₂ and NbSb₂), and Na-inactive metal carbide and amorphous C-containing Sb composites (Sb@TiC@C and Sb@NbC@C) have been introduced. First, Sb@C was prepared using a simple solid-state ball-milling, and then its potential as a NIB anode material was investigated. The electrochemical phase change mechanism of Sb during the sodiation/desodiation of Sb@C was investigated using various ex situ analytical techniques. Sb was found to sequentially transform into NaSb and Na₃Sb during sodiation and NaSb and Sb during desodiation. Second, as another trial to further improve the electrochemical performance of Sb, Sb-based intermetallic compounds of TiSb₂ and NbSb₂ were synthesized by alloying reaction via a simple solid state heat-treatment and their potential as NIB anode materials was investigated. Lastly, the Sb@TiC@C and Sb@NbC@C nanocomposites comprising tiny (~3–5 nm) Sb nanocrystallites and Na-inactive metal carbide (TiC/NbC) matrix embedded in buffering amorphous C were synthesized by alloying and dealloying reaction. The Sb@TiC@C and Sb@NbC@C demonstrated highly reversible, stable capacity (Sb@TiC@C: 746 mAh cm⁻³, Sb/NbC/C: 726 mAh cm⁻³ after 100 cycles) and fast rate capability with exceptional capacity retentions after 400 cycles (Sb@TiC@C: ~710 mAh cm⁻³ at 2 C rate, Sb@NbC@C: ~680 mAh cm⁻³ at 2 C rate). Therefore, the Sb-based nanocomposites synthesized by alloying and dealloying are considered to be possible new anode materials for use in high-performance NIBs.

为了获得用于Na离子电池（NIB）的高性能Sb基阳极，可以采用各种方法来获得非晶态的含C的Sb复合材料（Sb @ C），Sb基金属间化合物（TiSb ₂和NbSb ₂）和Na-引入了惰性金属碳化物和无定形含碳Sb复合材料（Sb @ TiC @ C和Sb @ NbC @ C）。首先，使用简单的固态球磨制备Sb @ C，然后研究其作为NIB阳极材料的潜力。使用各种非原位分析技术研究了Sb @ C在Sb @ C的消沉过程中的电化学相变机理。发现Sb依次转化为NaSb和Na ₃固态化过程中的Sb以及固态化过程中的NaSb和Sb。其次，作为进一步改善Sb电化学性能的另一项试验，通过简单的固态热处理通过合金化反应合成了基于Sb的TiSb ₂和NbSb ₂金属间化合物，并研究了它们作为NIB负极材料的潜力。最后，通过合金化和脱合金反应合成了Sb @ TiC @ C和Sb @ NbC @ C纳米复合材料，该复合材料包含微小的（〜3–5 nm）Sb纳米微晶和嵌入非晶态C中的Na惰性金属碳化物（TiC / NbC）基体。 。Sb @ TiC @ C和Sb @ NbC @ C表现出高度可逆的，稳定的容量（Sb @ TiC @ C：746 mAh cm ^-3，Sb / NbC / C：726 mAh cm ^-3100次循环后）和快速速率能力，以及400次循环后具有出色的容量保持能力（Sb @ TiC @ C：2 C速率下约为710 mAh cm ^-3，Sb @ NbC @ C：2 C速率下约为680 mAh cm ^-3） 。因此，通过合金化和脱合金合成的Sb基纳米复合材料被认为是用于高性能NIB的新型阳极材料。