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Lactation performance and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows fed Camelina sativa seeds or expeller
Animal Feed Science and Technology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114697
J.P. Sarramone , R. Gervais , C. Benchaar , P.Y. Chouinard

Abstract The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of feeding corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), camelina expeller (CE), whole camelina seeds (WCS), or whole flax seeds (WFS) on milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods, including 14 d of adaptation followed by 7 d of sampling. Four isoproteic and isolipidic dietary treatments were formulated as follows: 1) 18% DDGS; 2) 9.5% CE; 3) 4.2% WCS; and 4) 4.7% WFS (dry matter basis). Pre-planned contrasts were established to compare: 1) the two by-products (DDGS rich in cis-9, cis-12 18:2 vs. CE rich in cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3); 2) the two forms of camelina (CE vs. WCS); and 3) the two whole seeds (WCS vs. WFS). Differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05. Contrasts did not reveal any significant differences in dry matter intake ( x ¯ =24.6 kg/d). Actual milk yield was greater for cows fed WCS (36.5 kg/d) compared with WFS (35.6 kg/d). Moreover, yield of fat-corrected milk was lower with CE (29.8 kg/d) than with DDGS (35.3 kg/d) or WCS (33.5 kg/d). These effects are in line with lower milk fat concentration when cows received CE (27.1 g/kg) as compared with DDGS (36.3 g/kg) or WCS (34.8 g/kg). Lower milk fat observed with CE could be explained by a shift from the trans-11 to the trans-10 pathway of biohydrogenation, leading to the production of more intermediates known to inhibit milk fat synthesis, i.e., milk fat concentration of trans-10, cis-12 18:2 was greater with CE (0.078 mg/g) than with DDGS (0.045 mg/g) or WCS (0.041 mg/g). The transfer efficiency, from the diet to milk fat (g secreted/g consumed), of total n3 fatty acids was lower with CE (0.082 g/g) compared with DDGS (0.109 g/g) or WCS (0.106 g/g), but was not different between WCS and WFS (0.110 g/g). Finally, the transfer efficiency of cis-13 22:1 was twice greater with CE than with WCS (0.198 vs. 0.105 g/g). In conclusion, feeding CE had a negative impact on lactation performance, and more specifically on milk fat yield; an effect that could be explained by the great accessibility of the residual oil contained in this by-product and its consequent interference with lipid metabolism in the rumen. Comparison of WCS with WFS reveals that both oilseeds support similar production efficiency and gross milk composition.

中文翻译:

饲喂亚麻籽或榨油机的泌乳奶牛的泌乳性能和乳脂肪酸组成

摘要 本研究的目的是比较用可溶物 (DDGS)、亚麻荠叶 (CE)、全亚麻籽 (WCS) 或全亚麻籽 (WFS) 饲喂玉米干酒糟对产奶量和成分的影响。泌乳奶牛。四头荷斯坦奶牛用于 4 × 4 拉丁方设计,周期为 21 天,包括 14 天的适应和 7 天的采样。四种异蛋白和异脂饮食处理配方如下: 1) 18% DDGS;2) 9.5% CE;3) 4.2% WCS;4) 4.7% WFS(干物质基础)。建立预先计划的对比以比较:1) 两种副产品(富含 cis-9、cis-12 18:2 的 DDGS 与富含 cis-9、cis-12、cis-15 18:3 的 CE) ; 2)Camelina的两种形式(CE vs. WCS);3)两个完整的种子(WCS vs. WFS)。差异声明为 P ≤ 0.05。对比未显示干物质摄入量有任何显着差异 (x¯ =24.6 kg/d)。与 WFS(35.6 kg/d)相比,饲喂 WCS(36.5 kg/d)的奶牛的实际产奶量更高。此外,CE (29.8 kg/d) 的脂肪校正乳产量低于 DDGS (35.3 kg/d) 或 WCS (33.5 kg/d)。与 DDGS (36.3 g/kg) 或 WCS (34.8 g/kg) 相比,当奶牛接受 CE (27.1 g/kg) 时,这些影响与较低的乳脂浓度一致。用 CE 观察到的较低乳脂可以通过从反式 11 到反式 10 生物氢化途径的转变来解释,导致产生更多已知抑制乳脂合成的中间体,即反式 10 的乳脂浓度, CE (0.078 mg/g) 的 cis-12 18:2 大于 DDGS (0.045 mg/g) 或 WCS (0.041 mg/g)。传输效率,从饮食到乳脂肪(g 分泌/g 消耗),与 DDGS (0.109 g/g) 或 WCS (0.106 g/g) 相比,CE (0.082 g/g) 的总 n3 脂肪酸较低,但不是WCS 和 WFS 之间的差异 (0.110 g/g)。最后,使用 CE 的 cis-13 22:1 的转移效率是使用 WCS 的两倍(0.198 与 0.105 g/g)。总之,饲喂 CE 对泌乳性能有负面影响,更具体地说,对乳脂产量有负面影响;可以通过这种副产品中含有的残留油的极大可及性及其对瘤胃中脂质代谢的干扰来解释这种影响。WCS 与 WFS 的比较表明,两种油籽支持相似的生产效率和总牛奶成分。但在 WCS 和 WFS (0.110 g/g) 之间没有区别。最后,使用 CE 的 cis-13 22:1 的转移效率是使用 WCS 的两倍(0.198 与 0.105 g/g)。总之,饲喂 CE 对泌乳性能有负面影响,更具体地说,对乳脂产量有负面影响;可以通过这种副产品中含有的残留油的高度可及性及其对瘤胃中脂质代谢的干扰来解释这种影响。WCS 与 WFS 的比较表明,两种油籽支持相似的生产效率和总牛奶成分。但在 WCS 和 WFS (0.110 g/g) 之间没有区别。最后,使用 CE 的 cis-13 22:1 的转移效率是使用 WCS 的两倍(0.198 与 0.105 g/g)。总之,饲喂 CE 对泌乳性能有负面影响,更具体地说,对乳脂产量有负面影响;可以通过这种副产品中含有的残留油的极大可及性及其对瘤胃中脂质代谢的干扰来解释这种影响。WCS 与 WFS 的比较表明,两种油籽支持相似的生产效率和总牛奶成分。可以通过这种副产品中含有的残留油的极大可及性及其对瘤胃中脂质代谢的干扰来解释这种影响。WCS 与 WFS 的比较表明,两种油籽支持相似的生产效率和总牛奶成分。可以通过这种副产品中含有的残留油的极大可及性及其对瘤胃中脂质代谢的干扰来解释这种影响。WCS 与 WFS 的比较表明,两种油籽支持相似的生产效率和总牛奶成分。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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