Plants may use different strategies to attract pollinators in long distance (e.g. floral display) and in short distance (e.g. ratio between differentially colored flowers) scales. The Verbenaceae Lantana canescens Kunth is a wide spread species in open sites of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Individuals of this generalist species can produce a variable number of open inflorescences with yellow and white flowers that are organized in whorls. In this study we tested the hypothesis that increased floral display (long distance attraction) and the ratio between yellow and white flowers (short distance attraction) enhances the number of pollinator species and individuals. We observed flower visitors and calculated floral parameters in 38 plots of 1 m2 each, that contained a varying number of flowering L. canescens individuals. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Bray-Curtis distances were used to account for flower visitor composition and the relative visitation rate, respectively. We used a structural equation model to test the power of each predictor variable on the visitation rate and a covariance analysis to disentangle the effect of each independent variable on the frequency of plant-pollinator interactions. We found that the number of flower visitors and the visitation rate increased with increasing number of inflorescences. Disentangling long and short distance attraction indicated that the number of inflorescences (per plot) and the number of yellow flowers (yellowing effect) contributed most to flower visitation at long and short distance, respectively.

中文翻译：

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解开临时彩色花朵中传粉媒介吸引力的路径

植物可以使用不同的策略来吸引长距离（例如花卉展示）和短距离（例如不同颜色的花朵之间的比例）尺度的传粉媒介。马鞭草科 Lantana canescens Kunth 是一种广泛分布于巴西潘塔纳尔湿地开放场所的物种。这种通才物种的个体可以产生数量不等的开放花序，黄色和白色的花朵排列成轮状。在这项研究中，我们测试了增加花卉展示（长距离吸引力）和黄色和白色花朵之间的比例（短距离吸引力）增加传粉物种和个体数量的假设。我们观察了花客并计算了 38 个地块中的花卉参数，每个地块 1 平方米，其中包含不同数量的开花 L. canescens 个体。非度量多维尺度和 Bray-Curtis 距离分别用于解释花卉访客组成和相对访问率。我们使用结构方程模型来测试每个预测变量对访问率的影响，并使用协方差分析来解开每个自变量对植物 - 传粉者相互作用频率的影响。我们发现，随着花序数量的增加，花卉访客的数量和访问率增加。解开长距离和短距离吸引力表明，花序数（每块地）和黄色花朵的数量（黄化效应）分别对长距离和短距离的花卉访问贡献最大。