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Warming winters threaten peripheral Arctic charr populations of Europe
Climatic Change ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02887-z
Seán Kelly , Tadhg N. Moore , Elvira de Eyto , Mary Dillane , Chloé Goulon , Jean Guillard , Emilien Lasne , Phil McGinnity , Russell Poole , Ian J. Winfield , R. Iestyn Woolway , Eleanor Jennings

As the global climate warms, the fate of lacustrine fish is of huge concern, especially given their sensitivity as ectotherms to changes in water temperature. The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) is a salmonid with a Holarctic distribution, with peripheral populations persisting at temperate latitudes, where it is found only in sufficiently cold, deep lakes. Thus, warmer temperatures in these habitats particularly during early life stages could have catastrophic consequences on population dynamics. Here, we combined lake temperature observations, a 1-D hydrodynamic model, and a multi-decadal climate reanalysis to show coherence in warming winter water temperatures in four European charr lakes near the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution. Current maximum and mean winter temperatures are on average ~ 1 °C warmer compared to early the 1980s, and temperatures of 8.5 °C, adverse for high charr egg survival, have frequently been exceeded in recent winters. Simulations of winter lake temperatures toward century-end showed that these warming trends will continue, with further increases of 3–4 °C projected. An additional 324 total accumulated degree-days during winter is projected on average across lakes, which could impair egg quality and viability. We suggest that the perpetuating winter warming trends shown here will imperil the future status of these lakes as charr refugia and generally do not augur well for the fate of coldwater-adapted lake fish in a warming climate.

中文翻译:

变暖的冬天威胁着欧洲周边的北极红点鲑种群

随着全球气候变暖,湖泊鱼类的命运备受关注,尤其是考虑到它们作为变温动物对水温变化的敏感性。北极红点鲑 (Salvelinus alpinus L.) 是一种全北极分布的鲑鱼,外围种群持续存在于温带地区,仅在足够寒冷的深湖中发现。因此,这些栖息地的温度升高,特别是在生命早期阶段,可能会对种群动态产生灾难性的后果。在这里,我们结合了湖泊温度观测、一维流体动力学模型和多年代际气候再分析,以显示接近物种分布最南端的四个欧洲夏尔湖冬季水温变暖的一致性。与 1980 年代初期相比,目前的最高和平均冬季温度平均高出约 1°C,最近的冬天经常超过 8.5°C,不利于高炭虫卵的存活。对本世纪末冬季湖泊温度的模拟表明,这些变暖趋势将继续,预计将进一步增加 3-4 °C。预计整个湖泊平均会在冬季额外增加 324 个累计度日,这可能会影响鸡蛋的质量和生存能力。我们认为,此处显示的持续冬季变暖趋势将危及这些湖泊作为夏尔保护区的未来地位,并且通常不会预示气候变暖的适应冷水的湖鱼的命运。在最近的冬天经常被超过。对本世纪末冬季湖泊温度的模拟表明,这些变暖趋势将继续,预计将进一步增加 3-4 °C。预计整个湖泊平均会在冬季额外增加 324 个累计度日,这可能会影响鸡蛋的质量和生存能力。我们认为,此处显示的持续冬季变暖趋势将危及这些湖泊作为夏尔保护区的未来地位,并且通常不会预示气候变暖的适应冷水的湖鱼的命运。在最近的冬天经常被超过。对本世纪末冬季湖泊温度的模拟表明,这些变暖趋势将继续,预计将进一步增加 3-4 °C。预计整个湖泊平均会在冬季额外增加 324 个累计度日,这可能会影响鸡蛋的质量和生存能力。我们认为,此处显示的持续冬季变暖趋势将危及这些湖泊作为夏尔保护区的未来地位,并且通常不会预示气候变暖的适应冷水的湖鱼的命运。这可能会损害鸡蛋的质量和活力。我们认为,此处显示的持续冬季变暖趋势将危及这些湖泊作为夏尔保护区的未来地位,并且通常不会预示气候变暖的适应冷水的湖鱼的命运。这可能会损害鸡蛋的质量和活力。我们认为,此处显示的持续冬季变暖趋势将危及这些湖泊作为夏尔保护区的未来地位,并且通常不会预示气候变暖的适应冷水的湖鱼的命运。
更新日期:2020-10-17
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