The neurological diseases primarily include acute injuries, chronic neurodegeneration, and others (e.g., infectious diseases of the central nervous system). Autophagy is a housekeeping process responsible for the bulk degradation of misfolded protein aggregates and damaged organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy, particularly selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, pexophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy, lipophagy, etc., is closely implicated in neurological diseases. These forms of selective autophagy are controlled by a group of important proteins, including PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, p62, optineurin (OPTN), neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1), and nuclear fragile X mental retardation-interacting protein 1 (NUFIP1). This review highlights the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of different types of selective autophagy, and their implications in various forms of neurological diseases.

神经系统疾病主要包括急性损伤，慢性神经变性和其他疾病（例如，中枢神经系统的传染性疾病）。自噬是一个管家过程，负责通过溶酶体机制将错误折叠的蛋白质聚集体和受损的细胞器大量降解。最近的研究表明，自噬，特别是选择性自噬，如线粒体吞噬，exophophagy，ER吞噬，核糖吞噬，脂吞噬等，与神经系统疾病密切相关。这些形式的选择性自噬受到一组重要蛋白的控制，这些蛋白包括PTEN诱导的激酶1（PINK1），Parkin，p62，optineurin（OPTN），BRCA1基因1的邻居（NBR1）和核易碎性X智力障碍相互作用蛋白质1（NUFIP1）。