Five sponge specimens belonging to the genera Spongilla and Ciocalypta were collected from Little Rann of Kutch (in Gujarat, India) and analysed for associated microbiomes. Critical analysis was done with respect to members of the phylum Planctomycetes, using two different strategies; 1. Culture-independent metagenomic approach and 2. culture-dependent anaerobic enrichment for anammox-planctomycetes. The 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 region) amplicon metagenome analysis revealed significant divergence in bacterial diversity, including Planctomycetes among the sponges analysed. Community metagenomics revealed a total of 376 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to 41 different phyla. OTUs belonging to Proteobacteria was the most abundant (38%) among the sponge analysed. The KEGG annotation predicted a total of 6909 KEGG orthologs (KOs); most of the KOs are associated with membrane transport, xenobiotic degradation, production of secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. In the culture-dependent study, FISH analysis confirmed the association of anammox-planctomycetes with sponges. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of two planctomycetes (JC545, JC543) were cladding with those of uncultured Phycisphaerae class. The other three putative anammox bacteria (JC541, JC542, JC544) formed a different clade with “Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans”. These three putative bacteria believably represent new species/genus related to “Candidatus Brocadia”.

从 Little Rann of Kutch（印度古吉拉特邦）收集了五个属于Spongilla和Ciocalypta属的海绵样本，并分析了相关微生物组。使用两种不同的策略对浮霉菌门的成员进行了批判性分析； 1. 不依赖于培养物的宏基因组方法和 2. 厌氧氨氧化浮霉菌的依赖于培养物的厌氧富集。 16S rRNA 基因（V1-V3 区域）扩增子宏基因组分析显示细菌多样性存在显着差异，包括分析的海绵中的浮霉菌。群落宏基因组学揭示了属于 41 个不同门的总共 376 个操作分类单元 (OTU)。在分析的海绵中，属于变形菌门的 OTU 数量最多（38%）。 KEGG注释总共预测了6909个KEGG直向同源物（KO）；大多数 KO 与膜运输、外源物质降解、次级代谢产物的产生、氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢有关。在依赖于培养物的研究中，FISH 分析证实了厌氧氨氧化浮霉菌与海绵的关联。两种浮霉菌（JC545、JC543）的部分16S rRNA基因序列与未培养的Phycisphaerae类的基因序列重叠。其他三种假定的厌氧氨氧化细菌（JC541、JC542、JC544）与“ Candidatus Brocadia anammoxyans”形成了不同的进化枝。这三种假定的细菌令人信服地代表了与“ Candidatus Brocadia”相关的新物种/属。