We present ALMA ~0.02"-resolution observations of the nucleus of the nearby (~14 Mpc) type-2 AGN NGC 1068 at HCN/HCO+/HNC J=3-2 lines, as well as at their 13C isotopologue and vibrationally excited lines, to scrutinize the morphological/dynamical/chemical/physical properties of dense molecular gas in the putative dusty molecular torus around a mass-accreting supermassive black hole. We confirm almost east-west-oriented dense molecular gas emission both morphologically and dynamically, which we regard as coming from the torus. Bright emission is compact ( 2 pc) part, in both the eastern and western torus. We prefer a scenario of counter-rotating dense molecular gas with innermost almost-Keplerian-rotation and outer slowly rotating (far below Keplerian) components. Our high-spatial-resolution dense molecular line data reveal that torus properties of NGC 1068 are much more complicated than the simple axi-symmetrically rotating torus picture in the classical AGN unification paradigm.

中文翻译：

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ALMA 0.″02 分辨率观测揭示了 NGC 1068 核处 HCN 丰度增强的反向旋转和流出的稠密分子气体

我们在 HCN/HCO+/HNC J=3-2 线以及它们的 13C 同位素体和振动激发线处对附近 (~14 Mpc) 2 型 AGN NGC 1068 的原子核进行了 ALMA ~0.02" 分辨率观测, 仔细检查在质量增加的超大质量黑洞周围推定的尘埃分子环中致密分子气体的形态/动力学/化学/物理性质。我们在形态和动态上确认了几乎东西向的致密分子气体发射，我们认为来自环面。明亮的发射是紧凑的（2 pc）部分，在东部和西部环面。我们更喜欢逆向旋转的致密分子气体，最内层几乎是开普勒旋转，外层缓慢旋转（远低于开普勒）组件。我们的高空间分辨率密集分子线数据显示，NGC 1068 的环面特性比经典 AGN 统一范式中简单的轴对称旋转环面图片复杂得多。