In anticipation of future flagship missions focused on the goal of achieving direct imaging of rocky exoplanets, we have developed a database of models to help the community examine the potential spectral characteristics of a broad range of rocky planet atmospheres. Using the publicly available Planetary Spectrum Generator (PSG), we have computed a grid of 141,600 rocky exoplanet geometric albedo spectra across a 7-dimensional parameter space. Using this grid, we have performed a color-color analysis seeking to identify the most useful near-ultraviolet and red or near-infrared photometric followup channels to combine with a green-optical (discovery) spectral channel. We found that a combination of filters at 0.4 um, 0.58 um, and (approx) 0.8um were able to distinguish between atmospheres with moderate-to-high concentrations of four different dominant absorbing constituents, given at least 10 hours of observation on a star at 10 parsec with a 15-meter-class space telescope; however, more moderate abundances similar to those of Solar System rocky bodies would be more challenging to detect. We recommend that future missions seeking to characterize directly imaged rocky exoplanets by colors alone further consider multi-band photometry as a first discriminator for planetary characteristics.

中文翻译：

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利用模拟几何反照率光谱数据库对岩石系外行星大气进行光度表征

预计未来旗舰任务的重点是实现岩石系外行星的直接成像目标，我们开发了一个模型数据库，以帮助社区检查范围广泛的岩石行星大气的潜在光谱特征。使用公开可用的行星光谱发生器 (PSG)，我们计算了 7 维参数空间中 141,600 个岩石系外行星几何反照率光谱的网格。使用此网格，我们进行了颜色-颜色分析，试图确定最有用的近紫外和红色或近红外光度跟踪通道，以与绿色光学（发现）光谱通道相结合。我们发现 0.4 um、0.58 um 和（大约）0 的过滤器组合。使用 15 米级太空望远镜以 10 秒差距对一颗恒星进行至少 10 小时的观察，8um 能够区分具有中等至高浓度四种不同主要吸收成分的大气；然而，与太阳系岩石天体相似的更中等丰度的探测将更具挑战性。我们建议未来寻求仅通过颜色来表征直接成像的岩石系外行星的任务进一步考虑将多波段光度测量作为行星特征的第一个鉴别器。