The tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are newly discovered noncoding RNAs in recent years. They are derived from specific cleavage of mature and pre-tRNAs and expressed in various cancers. They enhance cell proliferation and metastasis or inhibit cancer progression. Many studies have investigated their roles in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and prognosis of various cancers, but the mechanisms through which they are involved in resistance to cancer treatment are unclear. This review outlines the classification of tRFs and tiRNAs and their mechanisms in cancer drug resistance, thus providing new ideas for cancer treatment.

中文翻译：

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tRNA衍生片段和tRNA一半在抗癌治疗中的作用机制

源自tRNA的片段（tRF）和一半的tRNA（tiRNA）是近年来新发现的非编码RNA。它们衍生自成熟的tRNA和pre-tRNA的特异性切割，并在多种癌症中表达。它们增强细胞增殖和转移或抑制癌症进展。许多研究已经调查了它们在各种癌症的诊断，进展，转移和预后中的作用，但尚不清楚它们参与抗癌治疗的机制。这篇综述概述了tRF和tiRNA的分类及其在癌症耐药中的作用机制，从而为癌症治疗提供了新思路。