Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most common adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea. The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarkers for AAD. The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

中文翻译：

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抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道菌群特征

抗生素相关性腹泻 (AAD)，定义为与使用抗生素相关且没有其他明确病因的腹泻，是抗生素治疗中最常见的药物不良事件之一。我们建立了由庆大霉素和头孢拉定诱导的腹泻模型，以研究 AAD 小鼠肠腔中的微生物群特征，并提供与庆大霉素和头孢拉定相关腹泻相关的值得注意的细菌的见解。模型组和正常组的OTU数分别为983个和2107个，两组共有872个相同的OTU。抗生素给药改变了肠道微生物的物种丰富度和物种多样性。PCoA 显示出 AAD 和健康控制之间的明显区别。AAD 小鼠的优势门是厚壁菌门 (52. 63%) 和变形菌 (46.37%)。在丰度前20的属中，模型组富集了瘤胃球菌属、布劳蒂亚属、肠球菌属、真杆菌属、梭菌属、粪球菌属和气球菌属7个属的相对丰度。根据 LEfSe 分析，肠球菌、真杆菌、瘤胃球菌和布劳氏菌被确定为 AAD 的潜在生物标志物。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。在丰度前20的属中，模型组富集了瘤胃球菌属、布劳蒂亚属、肠球菌属、真杆菌属、梭菌属、粪球菌属和气球菌属7个属的相对丰度。根据 LEfSe 分析，肠球菌、真细菌、瘤胃球菌和布劳氏菌被确定为 AAD 的潜在生物标志物。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。在丰度前20的属中，模型组富集了瘤胃球菌属、布劳蒂亚属、肠球菌属、真杆菌属、梭菌属、粪球菌属和气球菌属7个属的相对丰度。根据 LEfSe 分析，肠球菌、真细菌、瘤胃球菌和布劳氏菌被确定为 AAD 的潜在生物标志物。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。模型组富集梭菌、粪球菌和气球菌。根据 LEfSe 分析，肠球菌、真细菌、瘤胃球菌和布劳氏菌被确定为 AAD 的潜在生物标志物。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。模型组富集梭菌、粪球菌和气球菌。根据 LEfSe 分析，肠球菌、真细菌、瘤胃球菌和布劳氏菌被确定为 AAD 的潜在生物标志物。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。庆大霉素和头孢拉定给药后肠腔的细菌多样性减少。肠道菌群丰度和组成的改变进一步导致了肠道菌群的功能障碍。更具体地说，庆大霉素和头孢拉定显着增加了条件致病菌的丰度，其中以肠球菌和梭菌最为突出，最值得关注。