A technique for enhancing the bandwidth of a broadside tri-modal patch antenna is described. The key idea of the technique is to incorporate a dual-resonance structure into the broadside tri-modal patch geometry. By increasing one edge of the tri-modal patch while decreasing its size at the opposite edge, the resulting structure can be viewed as two superimposed Y-shaped structures of different resonant frequencies. This intuition is confirmed using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). Furthermore, guided by CMA, further modifications enable two sets of resonant modes to be tuned for increasing the bandwidth of the tri-modal patch antenna. Importantly, the proposed bandwidth enhancement technique does not affect the desired broadside radiation patterns significantly. Therefore, it can be utilized to modify the tri-modal patch antenna without degrading its potential for massive MIMO array application. Measurement results show that the technique enhances the 10 dB impedance bandwidth from 4.3% to 19.7% with the largest antenna dimension of $0.48{\lambda _{c}}$ , where ${\lambda _{c}}$ is the wavelength in air at the center frequency. The design example of the proposed technique is able to cover widely used 3 GHz bands in 5G communication systems and its potential usage in massive MIMO arrays is demonstrated.

中文翻译：

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宽边三模态贴片天线的带宽增强技术

描述了一种用于增强宽边三模态贴片天线的带宽的技术。该技术的关键思想是将双共振结构整合到宽边三峰贴片几何中。通过增加三峰斑块的一个边缘，同时减小其相对边缘的尺寸，可以将所得结构视为具有不同谐振频率的两个叠加的Y形结构。使用特性模式分析（CMA）可以确认这种直觉。此外，在CMA的指导下，进一步的修改可以调整两组共振模式，以增加三峰贴片天线的带宽。重要的是，提出的带宽增强技术不会显着影响所需的宽边辐射方向图。因此，它可以用来修改三峰贴片天线，而不会降低其在大规模MIMO阵列应用中的潜力。测量结果表明，该技术将10 dB的阻抗带宽从4.3％提高到19.7％，天线尺寸最大为 $ 0.48 {\ lambda _ {c}} $ ，在哪里 $ {\ lambda _ {c}} $ 是空气在中心频率处的波长。所提出技术的设计示例能够覆盖5G通信系统中广泛使用的3 GHz频带，并展示了其在大规模MIMO阵列中的潜在用途。