The objective of this study was to analyze hexane extract (HE), 75% ethanol extract (EE), and water extract (WE) of rusa deer velvet antlers, obtained through a three-solvent sequential extraction, for determining their chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, element concentrations, and microbial contamination. In TLC, FTIR, 1H NMR, and HPLC analysis, HE and EE showed the presence of oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and testosterone. EE showed the highest concentration of testosterone and the strongest antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays. In addition, the concentration of testosterone in EE was higher than in sika deer and red deer velvet antler extracts found in other studies. All extracts were composed of essential elements and had levels of toxic elements and microbial contaminants lower than the acceptable criteria set by ASEAN guidelines. Thus, EE was considered to be a safe and useful source of antioxidants and testosterone.

中文翻译：

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Rusa Deer Velvet 鹿茸提取物的化学成分、抗氧化活性和元素浓度

本研究的目的是分析通过三溶剂顺序提取获得的鹿茸的己烷提取物 (HE)、75% 乙醇提取物 (EE) 和水提取物 (WE)，以确定它们的化学成分、抗氧化剂活性、元素浓度和微生物污染。在 TLC、FTIR、1H NMR 和 HPLC 分析中，HE 和 EE 显示存在油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和睾酮。EE 在 DPPH 和 FRAP 测定中显示出最高浓度的睾酮和最强的抗氧化活性。此外，EE 中的睾酮浓度高于其他研究中发现的梅花鹿和马鹿鹿茸提取物。所有提取物均由必需元素组成，有毒元素和微生物污染物的含量低于东盟准则设定的可接受标准。因此，EE 被认为是一种安全且有用的抗氧化剂和睾酮来源。