Spike development of wheat line 3558M was strongly inhibited by low temperature stress in spring. The fertile tiller inhibition (ftin) gene in the wheat line 3558M is associated with multiple phenotypes, including the production of fewer tillers, delayed floral transition, and death of the shoot apical meristem. We systematically investigated the genes and pathways underlying the differences using ITRAQ proteomics and RNA-sequencing technologies and found multiple biological pathways including to the cold acclimation pathway and multiple defence responses (e.g. reactive oxygen species-mediated hypersensitive response, salicylic acid-mediated systemic acquired resistance) are activated and led to tillers death of the wheat line 3558M under cold stress. Meanwhile, the cold acclimation pathway inhibited the SVP-SCO1-LFY flowering pathway and led to delayed floral transition. Particularly, two TaPIN proteins were significantly downregulated, and multiple auxin signalling genes were also differentially expressed. Knocking down the two TaPIN genes using RNAi technology significantly reduced the tiller number. The cold stress inhibited the auxin transport to reduce the tillers of 3558M. Taken together, the ftin gene might be a cold-sensitive mutation and that is the cause of multiple biological pathways and phenotypic changes.

中文翻译：

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ftin突变体中的穗发育抑制与多种表型有关，并受多种生物学途径调控

春季的低温胁迫强烈抑制了小麦品系3558M的穗形成。小麦品系3558M的可育分inhibition抑制（ftin）基因与多种表型有关，包括产生较少的分ers，延迟花期过渡和茎尖分生组织的死亡。我们使用ITRAQ蛋白质组学和RNA测序技术系统地研究了导致差异的基因和途径，并发现了多种生物途径，包括冷驯化途径和多种防御反应（例如活性氧介导的超敏反应，水杨酸介导的系统获得性耐药） ）被激活，并在寒冷胁迫下导致3558M小麦品系的分till死亡。与此同时，寒冷的驯化途径抑制了SVP-SCO1-LFY的开花途径，并导致花期延迟。特别地，两个TaPIN蛋白被显着下调，并且多个生长素信号转导基因也被差异表达。使用RNAi技术敲除两个TaPIN基因会显着减少分till数。冷胁迫抑制了生长素的运输，从而减少了3558M的分till。两者合计，ftin基因可能是对寒冷敏感的突变，这是多种生物学途径和表型变化的原因。冷胁迫抑制了生长素的运输，从而减少了3558M的分till。两者合计，ftin基因可能是对寒冷敏感的突变，这是多种生物学途径和表型变化的原因。冷胁迫抑制了生长素的运输，从而减少了3558M的分till。两者合计，ftin基因可能是对寒冷敏感的突变，这是多种生物学途径和表型变化的原因。