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The viral protein NSP1 acts as a ribosome gatekeeper for shutting down host translation and fostering SARS-CoV-2 translation
bioRxiv - Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.339515
Antonin Tidu , Aurélie Janvier , Laure Schaeffer , Piotr Sosnowski , Lauriane Kuhn , Philippe Hammann , Eric Westhof , Gilbert Eriani , Franck Martin

SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for Covid-19 pandemic. In the early phase of infection, the single-strand positive RNA genome is translated into non-structural proteins (NSP). One of the first proteins produced during viral infection, NSP1, binds to the host ribosome and blocks the mRNA entry channel. This triggers translation inhibition of cellular translation. In spite of the presence of NSP1 on the ribosome, viral translation proceeds however. The molecular mechanism of the so-called viral evasion to NSP1 inhibition remains elusive. Here, we confirm that viral translation is maintained in the presence of NSP1. The evasion to NSP1-inhibition is mediated by the cis-acting RNA hairpin SL1 in the 5′UTR of SARS-CoV-2. NSP1-evasion can be transferred on a reporter transcript by SL1 transplantation. The apical part of SL1 is only required for viral translation. We show that NSP1 remains bound on the ribosome during viral translation. We suggest that the interaction between NSP1 and SL1 frees the mRNA accommodation channel while maintaining NSP1 bound to the ribosome. Thus, NSP1 acts as a ribosome gatekeeper, shutting down host translation or fostering SARS-CoV-2 translation depending on the presence of the SL1 5′UTR hairpin. SL1 is also present and necessary for translation of sub-genomic RNAs in the late phase of the infectious program. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting SL1 should affect viral translation at early and late stages of infection. Therefore, SL1 might be seen as a genuine 'Achille heel' of the virus.

中文翻译:

病毒蛋白NSP1充当核糖体看门人,用于关闭宿主翻译并促进SARS-CoV-2翻译

SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒负责Covid-19大流行。在感染的早期阶段,单链阳性RNA基因组被翻译成非结构蛋白(NSP)。病毒感染过程中产生的首批蛋白质之一NSP1与宿主核糖体结合并阻断mRNA进入通道。这触发了细胞翻译的翻译抑制。尽管核糖体上存在NSP1,但是病毒翻译仍在进行。所谓的病毒逃逸对NSP1抑制的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们确认病毒翻译在NSP1的存在下得以维持。逃避NSP1抑制作用是由SARS-CoV-2的5'UTR中的顺式作用RNA发夹SL1介导的。NSP1逃避可以通过SL1移植转移到报告转录本上。仅病毒翻译需要SL1的顶端部分。我们显示,NSP1在病毒翻译过程中仍然结合在核糖体上。我们建议NSP1和SL1之间的相互作用释放mRNA调节通道,同时保持NSP1结合到核糖体。因此,取决于SL1 5'UTR发夹的存在,NSP1充当核糖体看门者,关闭宿主翻译或促进SARS-CoV-2翻译。SL1在感染程序的后期也存在,对于亚基因组RNA的翻译也是必需的。因此,靶向SL1的治疗策略应在感染的早期和晚期影响病毒翻译。因此,SL1可能被视为该病毒的真正“致命弱点”。我们建议NSP1和SL1之间的相互作用释放mRNA调节通道,同时保持NSP1结合到核糖体。因此,取决于SL1 5'UTR发夹的存在,NSP1充当核糖体看门者,关闭宿主翻译或促进SARS-CoV-2翻译。SL1在感染程序的后期也存在,对于亚基因组RNA的翻译也是必需的。因此,靶向SL1的治疗策略应在感染的早期和晚期影响病毒翻译。因此,SL1可能被视为该病毒的真正“致命弱点”。我们建议NSP1和SL1之间的相互作用释放mRNA调节通道,同时保持NSP1结合到核糖体。因此,取决于SL1 5'UTR发夹的存在,NSP1充当核糖体看门者,关闭宿主翻译或促进SARS-CoV-2翻译。SL1在感染程序的后期也存在,对于亚基因组RNA的翻译也是必需的。因此,靶向SL1的治疗策略应在感染的早期和晚期影响病毒翻译。因此,SL1可能被视为该病毒的真正“致命弱点”。根据SL1 5'UTR发夹的存在,关闭宿主翻译或促进SARS-CoV-2翻译。SL1在感染程序的后期也存在,对于亚基因组RNA的翻译也是必需的。因此,靶向SL1的治疗策略应在感染的早期和晚期影响病毒翻译。因此,SL1可能被视为该病毒的真正“致命弱点”。根据SL1 5'UTR发夹的存在,关闭宿主翻译或促进SARS-CoV-2翻译。SL1在感染程序的后期也存在,对于亚基因组RNA的翻译也是必需的。因此,靶向SL1的治疗策略应在感染的早期和晚期影响病毒翻译。因此,SL1可能被视为该病毒的真正“致命弱点”。
更新日期:2020-10-16
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