Humans reached the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific by ~3500 years ago, contemporaneous with or even earlier than the initial peopling of Polynesia. They crossed more than 2000 km of open ocean to get there, whereas voyages of similar length did not occur anywhere else until more than 2000 years later. Yet, the settlement of Polynesia has received far more attention than the settlement of the Marianas. There is uncertainty over both the origin of the first colonizers of the Marianas (with different lines of evidence suggesting variously the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, or the Bismarck Archipelago) as well as what, if any, relationship they might have had with the first colonizers of Polynesia. To address these questions, we obtained ancient DNA data from two skeletons from the Ritidian Beach Cave site in northern Guam, dating to ~2200 years ago. Analyses of complete mtDNA genome sequences and genome-wide SNP data strongly support ancestry from the Philippines, in agreement with some interpretations of the linguistic and archaeological evidence, but in contradiction to results based on computer simulations of sea voyaging. We also find a close link between the ancient Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga, suggesting that the Marianas and Polynesia were colonized from the same source population, and raising the possibility that the Marianas played a role in the eventual settlement of Polynesia.

中文翻译：

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关岛和太平洋人民的古老DNA

人类在大约3500年前就到达了西太平洋的马里亚纳群岛，与波利尼西亚的最初人口入侵同时甚至早于波利尼西亚。他们越过了2000多公里的公海到达那里，而直到2000多年后才在其他地方发生过类似长度的航行。但是，波利尼西亚的定居点比马里亚纳斯的定居点受到了更多的关注。马里亚纳群岛的第一批殖民者的起源（证据各异，分别表明菲律宾，印度尼西亚，新几内亚或the斯麦群岛）以及它们与阿拉伯殖民者之间的关系（如果有的话）都不确定。波利尼西亚的第一批殖民者。为了解决这些问题，我们从关岛北部Ritidian海滩洞穴遗址的两个骨骼中获得了古代DNA数据，可以追溯到2200年前 完整的mtDNA基因组序列和全基因组SNP数据的分析有力地支持了菲律宾的血统，这与语言和考古学证据的某些解释是一致的，但与基于海上航行的计算机模拟的结果相矛盾。我们还发现古代关岛骨骼与瓦努阿图和汤加的早期Lapita个体之间存在密切联系，这表明马里亚纳群岛和波利尼西亚是从相同的来源人口中殖民出来的，这增加了马里亚纳群岛在波利尼西亚最终定居中发挥作用的可能性。但与基于计算机模拟海上航行的结果相矛盾。我们还发现古代关岛骨骼与瓦努阿图和汤加的早期Lapita个体之间存在密切联系，这表明马里亚纳群岛和波利尼西亚是从相同的来源人口中殖民出来的，这增加了马里亚纳群岛在波利尼西亚最终定居中发挥作用的可能性。但与基于计算机模拟海上航行的结果相矛盾。我们还发现古代关岛骨骼与瓦努阿图和汤加的早期Lapita个体之间存在密切联系，这表明马里亚纳群岛和波利尼西亚是从相同的来源人口中殖民出来的，这增加了马里亚纳群岛在波利尼西亚最终定居中发挥作用的可能性。