A quantum two-level system with periodically modulated energy splitting could provide a minimal universal quantum heat machine. We present the experimental realization and the theoretical description of such a two-level system as an impurity electron spin in a silicon tunnel field-effect transistor. In the incoherent regime, the system can behave analogously to either an Otto heat engine or a refrigerator. The coherent regime could be described as a superposition of those two regimes, producing specific interference fringes in the observed source-drain current.

中文翻译：

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使用单旋转位的量子热机的模拟

具有周期性调制能量分裂的量子二级系统可以提供最小的通用量子热机。我们介绍了在硅隧道场效应晶体管中作为杂质电子自旋的两能级系统的实验实现和理论描述。在非相干状态下，系统的行为类似于奥托热机或冰箱。相干态可以描述为这两种形式的叠加，在观察到的源极-漏极电流中产生特定的干涉条纹。