SummaryIn higher plants, fertilization induces many structural and physiological changes in the fertilized egg that reflect the transition from the haploid female gamete to the diploid zygote – the first cell of the sporophyte. After fusion of the egg nucleus with the sperm nucleus, many molecular changes occur in the zygote during the process of zygote activation during embryogenesis. The zygote originates from the egg, from which some pre-stored translation initiation factors transfer into the zygote and function during zygote activation. This indicates that the control of zygote activation is pre-set in the egg. After the egg and sperm nuclei fuse, gene expression is activated in the zygote, and paternal and maternal gene expression patterns are displayed. This highlights the diversity of zygotic genome activation in higher plants. In addition to new gene expression in the zygote, some genes show quantitative changes in expression. The asymmetrical division of the zygote produces an apical cell and a basal cell that have different destinies during plant reconstruction; these destinies are determined in the zygote. This review describes significant advances in research on the mechanisms controlling zygote activation in higher plants.

中文翻译：

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高等植物合子活化研究进展

摘要在高等植物中，受精会引起受精卵的许多结构和生理变化，这些变化反映了从单倍体雌配子到二倍体合子（孢子体的第一个细胞）的转变。卵核与精子核融合后，在胚胎发生过程中受精卵激活过程中，受精卵发生许多分子变化。受精卵起源于卵子，一些预先储存的翻译起始因子从卵子转移到受精卵中并在受精卵激活期间发挥作用。这表明受精卵激活的控制是预先设定在卵中的。卵子和精子核融合后，受精卵中的基因表达被激活，并显示父系和母系的基因表达模式。这突出了高等植物中合子基因组激活的多样性。除了受精卵中的新基因表达外，一些基因在表达上表现出数量上的变化。受精卵的不对称分裂产生了植物重建过程中命运不同的顶端细胞和基底细胞；这些命运是在合子中决定的。这篇综述描述了高等植物中控制受精卵激活机制的研究取得的重大进展。