Compared with men, female accounts for a larger proportion of patients with depression. Behavioral genetics researches find gender differences in genetic underpinnings of depression. We found that gender differences exist in heritability and the gene associated with depression after reviewing relevant research. Both genes and gene-environment interactions contribute to the risk of depression in a gender-specific manner. We detailed the relationships between serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and depression. However, the results of these studies are very different. We explored the reasons for the contradictory conclusions and provided some suggestions for future research on the gender differences in genetic underpinnings of depression.

与男性相比，女性在抑郁症患者中所占比例更大。行为遗传学研究发现抑郁症的遗传基础存在性别差异。在审查相关研究后，我们发现性别差异存在于遗传力和与抑郁相关的基因中。基因和基因与环境的相互作用都以性别特定的方式增加了患抑郁症的风险。我们详细介绍了5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因连锁的启动子区域（5-HTTLPR）和抑郁症之间的关系。但是，这些研究的结果截然不同。我们探究了得出结论矛盾的原因，并为今后研究抑郁症遗传基础中的性别差异提供了一些建议。