Exploration for ideal bone regeneration materials still remains a hot research topic due to the unmet clinical challenge of large bone defect healing. Bone grafting materials have gradually evolved from single component to multiple-component composite, but their functions during bone healing still only regulate one or two biological processes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel materials with more complex composition, which convey multiple biological functions during bone regeneration. Here, we report an naturally nanostructured ECM based composite scaffold derived from fish air bladder and combined with dicalcium phosphate (DCP) microparticles to form a new type of bone grafting material. The DCP/acellular tissue matrix (DCP/ATM) scaffold demonstrated porous structure with porosity over 65% and great capability of absorbing water and other biologics. In vitro cell culture study showed that DCP/ATM scaffold could better support osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in comparison with DCP/ADC made from acid extracted fish collagen. Moreover, DCP/ATM also demonstrated more potent bone regenerative properties in a rat calvarial defect model, indicating incorporation of ECM based matrix in the scaffolds could better support bone formation. Taken together, this study demonstrates a new avenue toward the development of new type of bone regeneration biomaterial utilizing ECM as its key components.

中文翻译：

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气囊衍生的纳米结构 ECM 在组织再生中的应用


由于大骨缺损愈合的临床挑战尚未解决，探索理想的骨再生材料仍然是一个热门研究课题。骨移植材料已逐渐从单组分发展到多组分复合材料，但其在骨愈合过程中的功能仍然仅调节一两个生物过程。因此，迫切需要开发成分更复杂的新型材料，在骨再生过程中传递多种生物学功能。在这里，我们报道了一种基于自然纳米结构 ECM 的复合支架，该支架源自鱼气囊，并与磷酸二钙 (DCP) 微粒相结合，形成一种新型骨移植材料。 DCP/脱细胞组织基质（DCP/ATM）支架具有多孔结构，孔隙率超过65%，具有良好的吸收水和其他生物物质的能力。体外细胞培养研究表明，与酸提取鱼胶原蛋白制成的 DCP/ADC 相比，DCP/ATM 支架能够更好地支持成骨细胞增殖和分化。此外，DCP/ATM还在大鼠颅骨缺损模型中表现出更有效的骨再生特性，表明在支架中加入基于ECM的基质可以更好地支持骨形成。总而言之，这项研究展示了开发利用 ECM 作为其关键成分的新型骨再生生物材料的新途径。