Plants endure many abiotic stresses, such as temperature (heat or frost), drought, and salt. Such factors are primary and frequent stressors that reduce agriculture crop yields. Often alterations in nutrient management and constituents, along with variations in biosynthetic capacity, ultimately reduce or halt plant growth. Genetically, stress is an environmental condition that interferes with complete genetic expression. A vast range of molecular genomic markers is available for the analysis of agricultural crops. These markers are classified into various groups based on how the markers are used: RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers serve to identify and screen hybrids based on salinity and drought stress tolerance, while simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are excellent for the assessment of stress tolerance. Such markers also play an important role in the QTL (Quantitative trait loci) mapping of stress-related genes. Dehydrins for drought and saltol for salinity stresses are primitive genes which regulate responses to these conditions. Further, a focus on traits using single-gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers supports genetic mapping and the sequencing of stress-related traits in inbred lines. DNA markers facilitate marker-assisted breeding to enhance abiotic stress tolerance using advanced techniques and marker modification.

中文翻译：

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分子标记改善作物非生物胁迫耐受性：综述

植物会承受许多非生物胁迫，例如温度（高温或霜冻），干旱和盐分。这些因素是降低农业作物单产的主要和频繁的压力源。营养管理和成分的经常变化，以及生物合成能力的变化，最终会减少或阻止植物的生长。从基因上讲，压力是一种环境条件，会干扰完整的基因表达。各种各样的分子基因组标记可用于分析农作物。根据标记的使用方式，将这些标记分为几类：RAPD（随机扩增多态性DNA）标记可根据盐度和干旱胁迫耐受性来鉴定和筛选杂种，而简单序列重复（SSR）标记非常适合评估压力承受能力。此类标记在应激相关基因的QTL（定量性状基因座）作图中也起着重要作用。用于干旱的脱水醇和用于盐度胁迫的盐醇是调节对这些条件的反应的原始基因。此外，对使用单基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记的性状的关注支持了遗传作图以及自交系中与胁迫相关的性状的测序。DNA标记使用先进的技术和标记修饰促进标记辅助育种，以增强非生物胁迫耐受性。使用单基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记对性状进行重点研究可支持自交系中的遗传定位和胁迫相关性状的测序。DNA标记使用先进的技术和标记修饰促进标记辅助育种，以增强非生物胁迫耐受性。使用单基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记对性状进行重点研究可支持自交系中的遗传定位和胁迫相关性状的测序。DNA标记使用先进的技术和标记修饰促进标记辅助育种，以增强非生物胁迫耐受性。