Bee pollen is made by honey bees (Apis Mellifera) from the pollen of plants and flowers and represents an apiary product enriched in essential amino acids, polyphenols, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. This study investigated the botanical origin, micronutrient profile, and antioxidant activity of bee pollen samples (n = 10) harvested in Lucca and Massa Carrara (Tuscany, Italy) between 2016 and 2017. The palynological analysis showed that bee pollen samples were composed of nine botanical families. Front-face fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on bee pollen samples in bulk, without any treatment, and in ethanol extracts to determine the characteristic fluorescent profile and, to identify the main chemical compounds with biological activity. The main chemical compounds detected were polyphenols (mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids), hydro-soluble vitamins (B₂, B₃, B₆, and B₉), amino acids, and pigments. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was investigated, and one of the two Viburnum pollens resulted in the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content (20.15 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g fw and 23.46 ± 0.08 mg CE/g fw, respectively). However, Prunus and Eucalyptus families showed the highest in vitro (190.27 ± 8.30 µmol Fe²⁺/g) and ex vivo (54.61 ± 8.51 CAA unit) antioxidant capacity, respectively. These results suggested that Tuscan bee pollen, depending on the botanical family, is rich in essential nutrients and potential nutraceutical product.

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来自不同植物来源的蜂花粉样品的抗氧化剂，营养特性和荧光光谱图

蜜蜂花粉是由蜜蜂（蜜蜂和蜜蜂）从植物和花朵的花粉中制成的，代表一种富含必需氨基酸，多酚，omega-3和omega-6脂肪酸的养蜂产品。这项研究调查了植物来源，微量元素的空间，蜂花粉样品的抗氧化活性（ñ= 10）于2016年至2017年之间在卢卡和马萨卡拉拉（意大利托斯卡纳）收获。孢粉学分析显示，蜂花粉样品由9个植物科组成。在没有任何处理的情况下，对蜂花粉样品进行了批量处理，并在乙醇提取物中进行了正面荧光光谱测定，以确定特征性荧光特征，并鉴定出具有生物活性的主要化学化合物。检测到的主要化合物为多酚（主要为类黄酮和酚酸），水溶性维生素（B ₂，B ₃，B ₆和B ₉），氨基酸和色素。此外，还研究了其抗氧化活性，并且是两种荚burn中的一种花粉导致多酚和类黄酮含量最高（分别为20.15±0.15 mg GAE / g fw和23.46±0.08 mg CE / g fw）。但是，李属和桉树科的抗氧化能力分别最高（190.27±8.30 µmol Fe ²⁺ / g）和离体（54.61±8.51 CAA单位）。这些结果表明，托斯卡纳蜂花粉取决于植物家族，富含必需营养素和潜在的营养产品。