Carbapenems are β-lactams antimicrobials presenting a broad activity spectrum and are considered as last-resort antibiotic. Since the 2000s, carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have emerged and are been quickly globally spreading. The global dissemination of carbapenemase encoding genes (CEG) within clinical relevant bacteria is attributed in part to its location onto mobile genetic elements. During the last decade, carbapenemase producing bacteria have been isolated from non-human sources including the aquatic environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly impacted by anthropic activities, which conduce to a bidirectional exchange between aquatic environments and human beings and therefore the aquatic environment may constitute a hub for CPE and CEG. More recently, the isolation of autochtonous aquatic bacteria carrying acquired CEG have been reported and suggest that CEG exchange by horizontal gene transfer occurred between allochtonous and autochtonous bacteria. Hence, aquatic environment plays a central role in persistence, dissemination and emergence of CEG both within environmental ecosystem and human beings, and deserves to be studied with particular attention.

中文翻译：

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Hydric环境：临床相关碳青霉烯酶编码基因的枢纽。

碳青霉烯类是具有广泛活性谱的β-内酰胺类抗生素，被认为是最后的抗生素。自2000年代以来，碳青霉烯酶生产肠杆菌（CPE）已经出现，并且正在迅速向全球传播。临床相关细菌中碳青霉烯酶编码基因（CEG）的全球传播部分归因于其在移动遗传元件上的定位。在过去的十年中，已经从包括水生环境在内的非人类来源分离出产生碳青霉烯酶的细菌。水生生态系统特别受到人类活动的影响，人类活动导致水生环境与人类之间的双向交换，因此水生环境可能构成了CPE和CEG的枢纽。最近，已经报道了带有获得的CEG的自发水生细菌的分离，这表明通过水平基因转移进行的CEG交换发生在异源和自发细菌之间。因此，