ABSTRACT: Space-use by aquatic ectotherms is closely linked to environmental factors such as temperature due to thermal-mediated metabolism and energy requirements. These factors are important, as they may alter an animal’s exposure to food/predators, hinder physiological function, increase competitive interactions, or even prompt population or biodiversity loss. Using general linear mixed-effects models, we investigated the influence of medium-term (months-years) environmental (diel period, water temperature, season, wind speed, air pressure, habitat type) and biological (turtle size) variation on space-use metrics for the Critically Endangered hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata, including dive duration, activity space, and rate of movement. We tracked 17 resident juveniles between August 2015 and May 2018 with a compact acoustic telemetry array (35-41 receivers in ~1 km²) in Brewers Bay, US Virgin Islands. Diel differences in space-use were significant and highlighted periods of relative inactivity (e.g. resting) during the night and activity (e.g. foraging) during the day. Water temperature was also an important covariate influencing behavior leading to shorter dive durations and higher rates of movement in warmer temperatures. High contribution of random effects (individual and year) to model variation was also apparent, suggesting that juvenile hawksbills can operate outside the relatively narrow environmental range experienced within the study area. Nevertheless, ongoing climate trends (e.g. warmer temperatures and more extreme weather events) pose a significant concern for hawksbill populations, as juveniles spend their developmental period in shallow nearshore areas where environmental impacts will likely be greatest.

中文翻译：

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利用声遥测技术确定的濒危幼年加勒比海海龟的潜水行为和空间利用的环境驱动因素

摘要：由于热介导的新陈代谢和能量需求，水外热对空间的利用与环境因素密切相关，例如温度。这些因素很重要，因为它们可能会改变动物对食物/捕食者的接触，阻碍其生理功能，增加竞争性相互作用，甚至导致种群或生物多样性的丧失。使用一般的线性混合效应模型，我们研究了中期（月-年）环境（干旱期，水温，季节，风速，气压，栖息地类型）和生物（龟甲大小）变化对空间-对极度濒危的海龟Eretmochelys imbricata使用度量，包括潜水时间，活动空间和运动速度。我们在2015年8月至2018年5月之间利用紧凑的声波遥测阵列（35 km-41接收器在〜1 km ^2中）追踪了17位居民）位于美属维尔京群岛布鲁斯湾。空间使用的Diel差异非常明显，突出显示了晚上相对不活动（例如休息）和白天活动（例如觅食）的相对时间。水温也是重要的协变量影响行为，可导致较短的潜水时间和较高温度下的较高运动速度。随机效应（个体和年份）对模型变异的高贡献也很明显，这表明青少年可以在研究区域内相对较窄的环境范围之外工作。不过，持续的气候变化趋势（例如温度升高和极端天气事件）使嘴种群严重关切，