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Facultative feeding in a marine copepod: effects of larval food and temperature on performance
Marine Ecology Progress Series ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 , DOI: 10.3354/meps13470
AN Gangur 1 , DJ Marshall 1
Affiliation  

Most marine invertebrate larvae either feed or rely on reserves provisioned by parents to fuel development, but facultative feeders can do both. Food availability and temperature are key environmental drivers of larval performance, but the effects of larval experience on performance later in life are poorly understood in facultative feeders. In particular, the functional relevance of facultative feeding is unclear. One feature to be tested is whether starved larvae can survive to adulthood and reproduce. We evaluated effects of larval temperature and food abundance on performance in a marine harpacticoid copepod, Tisbe sp. In doing so, we report the first example of facultative feeding across the entire larval stage for a copepod. In a series of experiments, larvae were reared with ad libitum food or with no food, and at 2 different temperatures (20 vs. 24°C). We found that higher temperatures shortened development time, and larvae reared at higher temperature tended to be smaller. Larval food consistently improved early performance (survival, development rate and size) in larvae, while starvation consistently decreased survival, increased development time and decreased size at metamorphosis. Nonetheless, a small proportion (3−9.5%, or 30−42.7% with antibiotics) of larvae survived to metamorphosis, could recover from a foodless larval environment, reach maturity and successfully reproduce. We recommend that future studies of facultative feeding consider the impact of larval environments on adult performance and ability to reproduce.

中文翻译:

海洋桡足类的兼性喂养:幼体食物和温度对性能的影响

大多数海洋无脊椎动物幼虫要么进食,要么依赖父母提供的储备来促进发育,但兼性饲养者可以两者兼而有之。食物供应和温度是幼虫表现的关键环境驱动因素,但在兼性饲养者中,幼虫经历对生命后期表现的影响知之甚少。特别是,兼性喂养的功能相关性尚不清楚。要测试的一个特征是饥饿的幼虫是否可以存活到成年并繁殖。我们评估了幼虫温度和食物丰度对海洋 harpacticoid 桡足类 Tisbe sp. 性能的影响。在这样做的过程中,我们报告了桡足类整个幼虫阶段兼性喂养的第一个例子。在一系列实验中,幼虫可以随意进食或不进食,以及 2 个不同的温度(20 与 24°C)。我们发现较高的温度会缩短发育时间,并且在较高温度下饲养的幼虫往往更小。幼虫食物持续改善幼虫的早期表现(存活率、发育速度和大小),而饥饿持续降低存活率、增加发育时间并减少变态时的大小。尽管如此,一小部分(3-9.5%,或 30-42.7% 使用抗生素)的幼虫存活到变态,可以从无食物的幼虫环境中恢复,达到成熟并成功繁殖。我们建议未来的兼性喂养研究考虑幼虫环境对成虫表现和繁殖能力的影响。在较高温度下饲养的幼虫往往较小。幼虫食物持续改善幼虫的早期表现(存活率、发育速度和大小),而饥饿持续降低存活率、增加发育时间并减少变态时的大小。尽管如此,一小部分(3-9.5%,或 30-42.7% 使用抗生素)的幼虫存活到变态,可以从无食物的幼虫环境中恢复,达到成熟并成功繁殖。我们建议未来的兼性喂养研究考虑幼虫环境对成虫表现和繁殖能力的影响。在较高温度下饲养的幼虫往往较小。幼虫食物持续改善幼虫的早期表现(存活率、发育速度和大小),而饥饿持续降低存活率、增加发育时间并减少变态时的大小。尽管如此,一小部分(3-9.5%,或 30-42.7% 使用抗生素)的幼虫存活到变态,可以从无食物的幼虫环境中恢复,达到成熟并成功繁殖。我们建议未来的兼性喂养研究考虑幼虫环境对成虫表现和繁殖能力的影响。尽管如此,一小部分(3-9.5%,或 30-42.7% 使用抗生素)的幼虫存活到变态,可以从无食物的幼虫环境中恢复,达到成熟并成功繁殖。我们建议未来的兼性喂养研究考虑幼虫环境对成虫表现和繁殖能力的影响。尽管如此,一小部分(3-9.5%,或 30-42.7% 使用抗生素)的幼虫存活到变态,可以从无食物的幼虫环境中恢复,达到成熟并成功繁殖。我们建议未来的兼性喂养研究考虑幼虫环境对成虫表现和繁殖能力的影响。
更新日期:2020-10-15
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