Low muscle mass and frailty are especially prevalent in older women and may be accelerated by age-related inflammation. Habitual physical activity throughout the lifespan (lifelong exercise) may prevent muscle inflammation and associated pathologies, but this is unexplored in women. This investigation assessed basal and acute exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of women: young exercisers (YE, n=10, 25±1y, VO₂max:44±2mL/kg/min, quadriceps size:59±2cm²), old healthy non-exercisers (OH, n=10, 75±1y, VO₂max:18±1mL/kg/min, quadriceps size:40±1cm²), and lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 48±2y aerobic training history (LLE, n=7, 72±2y, VO₂max:26±2mL/kg/min, quadriceps size:42±2cm²). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and IGF-1 were measured. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (basal) and 4h after an acute exercise challenge (3x10reps, 70%1RM) to assess gene expression of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, IL-1Ra, TGF-β), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2), prostaglandin E₂ synthases (mPGES-1, cPGES) and receptors (EP3-4), and macrophage markers (CD16b, CD163), as well as basal macrophage abundance (CD68⁺ cells). The older cohorts (LLE+OH combined) demonstrated higher muscle IL-6 and COX-1 (P≤0.05) than YE, while LLE expressed lower muscle IL-1β (P≤0.05 vs. OH). Acute exercise increased muscle IL-6 expression in YE only, whereas the older cohorts combined had higher postexercise expression of IL-8 and TNF-α (P≤0.05 vs. YE). Only LLE had increased postexercise expression of muscle IL-1β and MCP-1 (P≤0.05 vs. preexercise). Thus, aging in women led to mild basal and exercise-induced inflammation that was unaffected by lifelong aerobic exercise, which may have implications for long-term function and adaptability.

中文翻译：

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衰老和终身有氧运动对女性基础炎症和运动诱发炎症的影响

低肌肉质量和虚弱在老年女性中尤其普遍，并且可能因与年龄相关的炎症而加速。整个生命周期的习惯性体育活动（终身锻炼）可以预防肌肉炎症和相关疾病，但这在女性中尚未得到探索。该调查评估了三组女性的基础和急性运动诱发的炎症：年轻锻炼者（YE，n=10, 25±1y，VO ₂ max：44±2mL/kg/min，股四头肌大小：59±2cm ²），老年健康非锻炼者（OH，n=10，75±1y，VO ₂ max：18±1mL/kg/min，股四头肌大小：40±1cm ²），以及有 48±2 年有氧训练历史的终生有氧锻炼者（ LLE, n=7, 72±2y, VO ₂ max:26±2mL/kg/min, 股四头肌大小:42±2cm ²）。测量静息血清 IL-6、TNF-α、CRP 和 IGF-1。在休息（基础）和急性运动挑战（3x10reps，70%1RM）后 4 小时获取股外侧肌活检，以评估细胞因子（IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、IL- 4、IL-1Ra、TGF-β）、趋化因子（IL-8、MCP-1）、环氧合酶（COX-1、COX-2）、前列腺素E ₂合酶（mPGES-1、cPGES）和受体（EP3- 4) 和巨噬细胞标记物 (CD16b, CD163)，以及基础巨噬细胞丰度 (CD68 ⁺细胞）。较老的队列（LLE+OH 组合）表现出比 YE 更高的肌肉 IL-6 和 COX-1（P≤0.05），而 LLE 表达的肌肉 IL-1β 较低（P≤0.05 vs. OH）。急性运动仅在 YE 中增加肌肉 IL-6 表达，而年龄较大的队列结合起来具有更高的运动后 IL-8 和 TNF-α 表达（与 YE 相比 P≤0.05）。只有 LLE 增加了肌肉 IL-1β 和 MCP-1 的运动后表达（与运动前相比，P≤0.05）。因此，女性衰老导致轻度基础和运动诱发的炎症，而终身有氧运动不会影响这些炎症，这可能对长期功能和适应性产生影响。