Local gene regulation in radial glia: Lessons from across the nervous system,Traffic

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Local gene regulation in radial glia: Lessons from across the nervous system
Traffic ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1111/tra.12769
Brooke R D'Arcy ₁ , Debra L Silver _{1,

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Affiliation

Radial glial cells (RGCs) are progenitors of the cerebral cortex which produce both neurons and glia during development. Given their central role in development, RGC dysfunction can result in diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. RGCs have an elongated bipolar morphology that spans the entire radial width of the cortex and ends in basal endfeet connected to the pia. The basal process and endfeet are important for proper guidance of migrating neurons and are implicated in signaling. However, endfeet must function at a great distance from the cell body. This spatial separation suggests a role for local gene regulation in endfeet. Endfeet contain a local transcriptome enriched for cytoskeletal and signaling factors. These localized mRNAs are actively transported from the cell body and can be locally translated in endfeet. Yet, studies of local gene regulation in RGC endfeet are still in their infancy. Here, we draw comparisons of RGCs with foundational work in anatomically and phylogenetically related cell types, neurons and astrocytes. Our review highlights a striking overlap in the types of RNAs localized, as well as principles of local translation between these three cell types. Thus, studies in neurons, astrocytes and RGCs can mutually inform an understanding of RNA localization across the nervous system.

中文翻译：

放射状胶质细胞的局部基因调控：整个神经系统的教训

放射状胶质细胞（RGC）是大脑皮层的祖细胞，在发育过程中产生神经元和神经胶质细胞。鉴于 RGC 在发育中的核心作用，RGC 功能障碍可能导致多种神经发育障碍。 RGC 具有细长的双极形态，跨越皮质的整个径向宽度，并终止于与软脑膜相连的基底端脚。基底突和末足对于正确引导神经元迁移非常重要，并且与信号传导有关。然而，端足必须在距细胞体很远的地方发挥作用。这种空间分离表明末端足中局部基因调控的作用。末端足含有富含细胞骨架和信号因子的局部转录组。这些局部 mRNA 从细胞体主动转运，并可以在末足中进行局部翻译。然而，RGC 末端足局部基因调控的研究仍处于起步阶段。在这里，我们将 RGC 与解剖学和系统发育相关的细胞类型、神经元和星形胶质细胞的基础工作进行了比较。我们的综述强调了本地化 RNA 类型的惊人重叠，以及这三种细胞类型之间的本地翻译原理。因此，对神经元、星形胶质细胞和 RGC 的研究可以相互促进对神经系统中 RNA 定位的理解。

更新日期：2020-11-16

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