Panicle number (PN) is one of the three yield components in rice. As one of the most unstable traits, the dynamic change in tiller number (DCTN) may determine the final PN. However, the genetic basis of DCTN and its relationship with PN remain unclear. Here, 377 deeply re‐sequenced rice accessions were used to perform genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for tiller/PN. It was found that the DCTN pattern rather than maximum tiller number or effective tiller ratio is the determinant factor of high PN. The DCTN pattern that affords more panicles exhibits a period of stable tillering peak between 30 and 45 days after transplant (called DT30 and DT45, respectively), which was believed as an ideal pattern contributing to the steady transition from tiller development to panicle development (ST‐TtP). Consistently, quantitative trait loci (QTL) expressed near DT30−DT45 were especially critical to the rice DCTN and in supporting the ST‐TtP. The spatio‐temporal expression analysis showed that the expression pattern of keeping relatively high expression in root at 24:00 (R24‐P2) from about DT30 to DT45 is a typical expression pattern of cloned tiller genes, and the candidate genes with R24‐P2 can facilitate the prediction of PN. Moreover, gene OsSAUR27 was identified by an integrated approach combining GWAS, bi‐parental QTL mapping and transcription. These findings related to the genetic basis underlying the DCTN will provide the genetic theory in making appropriate decisions on field management, and in developing new varieties with high PN and ideal dynamic plant architecture.

中文翻译：

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水稻全基因组关联研究和转录组谱揭示了导致分till和穗数动态变化的遗传结构

穗数（PN）是水稻的三个产量组成部分之一。作为最不稳定的性状之一，分till数的动态变化（DCTN）可能决定最终的PN。但是，DCTN的遗传基础及其与PN的关系仍不清楚。在这里，使用377个深度重新排序的水稻材料进行了分till / PN的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。已经发现，DCTN模式而不是最大分till数或有效分till比是决定高PN的因素。穗数更多的DCTN模式在移植后30至45天之间出现稳定的分till高峰期（分别称为DT30和DT45），这被认为是有助于从分er发育向穗发育稳定过渡的理想模式（ST -TtP）。一致地，DT30-DT45附近表达的数量性状基因座（QTL）对水稻DCTN和支持ST-TtP尤其重要。时空表达分析表明，在大约DT30至DT45的24:00（R24-P2）处，在根中保持较高表达的表达模式是克隆的分genes基因的典型表达模式，而具有R24-P2的候选基因可以帮助预测PN。而且，基因通过结合GWAS，双亲QTL定位和转录的整合方法鉴定了OsSAUR27。这些与DCTN的遗传基础有关的发现将为在田间管理方面做出适当决策，开发具有高PN和理想动态植物结构的新品种提供遗传理论。