A successful technique for remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil could not only reduce its availability but also improve soil biological function. However, there are few studies that evaluate the efficiency of remediation of Cd-contaminated soil within a sustainability framework. Therefore, a field study was conducted to investigate the remediation effectiveness and environmental impact of Cd-contaminated vegetable soils using bentonite (B), bentonite + mushroom residue (BMR1, BMR2), and bentonite + vermicompost (BVC1, BVC2). Soil Cd bioavailability were inhibited after applying of B, BMR and BVC, and the most significant reduction of CaCl₂- and HCl-Cd was obtained at BMR2, being 45.5 and 24.9% decreases, respectively, relative to the control groups. Meanwhile, the concentration of Cd in the edible parts of vegetables was reduced by amendments and lettuce and leafy lettuce met the maximum limit of contaminants in vegetables (0.2 mg kg⁻¹) (GB2762-2017). Combined treatments had greater effects on soil fertility parameters (e.g., higher values of available N, P and K, soil organic matter, and microbial biomass C and N) as well as microbial community composition which were characterized by significant increases in the Shannon and the Simpson indices, and the quantity and abundance of dominant genera. These findings offer evidence that combined amendments could be more efficiently used for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils, with the goal of low Cd availability in soil and uptake in the vegetables, and improving soil quality.

中文翻译：

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使用膨润土和有机改良剂修复 Cd 污染田：环境视角

一种成功的镉（Cd）污染土壤修复技术不仅可以降低其有效性，还可以改善土壤生物功能。然而，很少有研究在可持续性框架内评估镉污染土壤的修复效率。因此，进行了一项实地研究，以研究使用膨润土 (B)、膨润土 + 蘑菇渣 (BMR1、BMR2) 和膨润土 + 蚯蚓粪 (BVC1、BVC2) 修复 Cd 污染的植物土壤的有效性和环境影响。施用 B、BMR 和 BVC 后土壤 Cd 的生物有效性受到抑制，CaCl _{2 的}降低最为显着- 和 HCl-Cd 在 BMR2 处获得，相对于对照组分别减少 45.5% 和 24.9%。同时，通过改良剂降低了蔬菜可食部分中Cd的浓度，生菜和叶生菜达到了蔬菜中污染物的最大限量（0.2 mg kg ^-1) (GB2762-2017)。联合处理对土壤肥力参数（例如，有效氮、磷和钾、土壤有机质和微生物生物量碳和氮的更高值）以及微生物群落组成的影响更大，其特征是香农和土壤中的显着增加。辛普森指数，以及优势属的数量和丰度。这些发现提供了证据，表明组合改良剂可以更有效地用于修复受 Cd 污染的土壤，目标是降低土壤中 Cd 的有效性和蔬菜中的吸收，并改善土壤质量。