Climate affects neighbour‐induced changes in leaf chemical defences and tree diversity–herbivory relationships,Functional Ecology

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Climate affects neighbour‐induced changes in leaf chemical defences and tree diversity–herbivory relationships
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13700
Charlotte Poeydebat _{1,

2} , Hervé Jactel _{1,

2} , Xoaquín Moreira ₃ , Julia Koricheva ₄ , Nadia Barsoum ₅ , Jürgen Bauhus ₆ , Nico Eisenhauer _{7,

8} , Olga Ferlian _{7,

8} , Marta Francisco ₃ , Felix Gottschall _{7,

8} , Dominique Gravel ₉ , Bill Mason ₁₀ , Evalyne Muiruri ₄ , Bart Muys ₁₁ , Charles Nock _{12,

13} , Alain Paquette ₁₄ , Quentin Ponette ₁₅ , Michael Scherer-Lorenzen ₁₃ , Victoria Stokes ₁₀ , Michael Staab ₁₆ , Kris Verheyen ₁₇ , Bastien Castagneyrol _{1,

2}

Affiliation

INRAE, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France.
Université de Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, Talence, France.
Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain.
Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, UK.
Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin Midlothian, UK.
Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Faculty of Biology, Department of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering & Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.

Associational resistance theory predicts that insect herbivory decreases with increasing tree diversity in forest ecosystems. However, the generality of this effect and its underlying mechanisms are still debated, particularly since evidence has accumulated that climate may influence the direction and strength of the relationship between diversity and herbivory.
We quantified insect leaf herbivory and leaf chemical defences (phenolic compounds) of silver birch Betula pendula in pure and mixed plots with different tree species composition across 12 tree diversity experiments in different climates. We investigated whether the effects of neighbouring tree species diversity on insect herbivory in birch, that is, associational effects, were dependent on the climatic context, and whether neighbour‐induced changes in birch chemical defences were involved in associational resistance to insect herbivory.
We showed that herbivory on birch decreased with tree species richness (i.e. associational resistance) in colder environments but that this relationship faded as mean annual temperature increased.
Birch leaf chemical defences increased with tree species richness but decreased with the phylogenetic distinctiveness of birch from its neighbours, particularly in warmer and more humid environments.
Herbivory was negatively correlated with leaf chemical defences, particularly when birch was associated with closely related species. The interactive effect of tree diversity and climate on herbivory was partially mediated by changes in leaf chemical defences.
Our findings confirm that tree species diversity can modify the leaf chemistry of a focal species, hence its quality for herbivores. They further stress that such neighbour‐induced changes are dependent on climate and that tree diversity effects on insect herbivory are partially mediated by these neighbour‐induced changes in chemical defences.

中文翻译：

气候影响邻居引起的叶片化学防御和树木多样性-草食关系的变化

关联抗性理论预测，昆虫食草性会随着森林生态系统中树木多样性的增加而减少。然而，这种效应的普遍性及其潜在机制仍有争议，特别是因为有证据表明气候可能会影响多样性和食草动物之间关系的方向和强度。
我们在不同气候下进行了 12 次树木多样性实验，在纯地和混合地块中量化了白桦桦树的昆虫叶片食草性和叶片化学防御（酚类化合物）。我们研究了邻近树种多样性对桦树昆虫食草的影响，即关联效应，是否取决于气候环境，以及邻居引起的桦树化学防御变化是否与对昆虫食草的关联抗性有关。
我们发现，在较冷的环境中，桦树上的草食性随着树种的丰富度（即关联抗性）而减少，但随着年平均温度的升高，这种关系逐渐消失。
桦树叶的化学防御随着树种的丰富程度而增加，但随着桦树与其邻居的系统发育独特性而降低，特别是在温暖和潮湿的环境中。
草食与叶片化学防御呈负相关，特别是当桦树与密切相关的物种相关时。树木多样性和气候对食草动物的交互影响部分是由叶片化学防御的变化介导的。
我们的研究结果证实，树种多样性可以改变焦点物种的叶子化学，从而改变其对食草动物的质量。他们进一步强调，这种由邻居引起的变化取决于气候，而树木多样性对昆虫食草的影响部分是由这些邻居引起的化学防御变化所介导的。

更新日期：2020-10-14

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