Background

Racial discrimination has consistently been linked to elevated alcohol use and smoking in Black adults, but the independent contributions of everyday and major experiences of discrimination have rarely been investigated. The present study aimed to identify variation in magnitude of the links between each type of racial discrimination with current frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking by demographic characteristics and family history of problem drinking/regular smoking in Black adults in the U.S. Methods: Data were drawn from 4,462 adults (29.40% Afro Caribbean, 70.60% African American; 63.20% female) in a nationally representative sample of Black Americans. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict current frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking using the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) and Major Experiences of Discrimination Scale (MEDS), testing for interactions with demographic characteristics and family history. Results: In the alcohol model, an EDS by education level interaction was observed: OR=1.04 (CI:1.02-1.07) for <high school; OR=0.95 (CI:0.92-0.98) for ≥high school. MEDS was independently associated with alcohol use (OR=1.11, CI:1.04-1.18). In the smoking model, EDS was associated with elevated risk (OR=1.03, CI:1.01-1.04) and a MEDS by age cohort interaction was observed: OR=1.24 (CI:1.11-1.38) for <age 45; OR=1.07 (CI:0.97-1.19) for ages 45-65. Conclusions: Everyday and major experiences of racial discrimination contribute independently to both alcohol use and regular smoking in Black adults, with some variation by education level and age. Differentiating everyday from major experiences of discrimination in studies of mechanisms linking racial discrimination to substance use will enhance their informativeness for intervention development.

中文翻译：

---

种族歧视的日常和主要经历对黑人成年人当前饮酒和经常吸烟的贡献：考虑人口特征和家族史的变化

背景

种族歧视一直与黑人成年人饮酒和吸烟的增加有关，但很少有人调查日常和主要歧视经历的独立贡献。本研究旨在通过美国黑人成年人的人口统计学特征和问题饮酒/经常吸烟的家族史，确定每种种族歧视与当前饮酒频率和经常吸烟之间的联系程度的变化。方法：数据来自具有全国代表性的美国黑人样本中的 4,462 名成年人（29.40% 非洲裔加勒比人，70.60% 非洲裔美国人；63.20% 女性）。使用日常歧视量表 (EDS) 和主要歧视经历量表 (MEDS) 进行逻辑回归分析，以预测当前饮酒和经常吸烟的频率，测试与人口特征和家族史的相互作用。结果：在酒精模型中，观察到教育水平交互作用的 EDS：OR=1.04 (CI:1.02-1.07) for <high school; ≥高中的 OR=0.95 (CI:0.92-0.98)。MEDS 与饮酒独立相关（OR=1.11，CI：1.04-1.18）。在吸烟模型中，EDS 与风险升高相关（OR=1.03，CI：1.01-1.04），并且观察到年龄组交互作用的 MEDS：OR=1.24（CI：1.11-1.38）<45 岁；45-65 岁的 OR=1.07 (CI:0.97-1.19)。结论：种族歧视的日常和主要经历对黑人成年人的饮酒和经常吸烟都有独立的影响，并因教育水平和年龄而有所不同。在将种族歧视与物质使用联系起来的机制研究中，将日常歧视的主​​要经历与主要经历区分开来，将增强它们对干预发展的信息量。