The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens, including coronaviruses (CoVs). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV are epidemic zoonotic CoVs that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. The recently emerged virus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of CoV that has caused the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Scientific advancements made by studying the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks have provided a foundation for understanding pathogenesis and innate immunity against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we focus on our present understanding of innate immune responses, inflammasome activation, inflammatory cell death pathways, and cytokine secretion during SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss how the pathogenesis of these viruses influences these biological processes.

先天免疫系统是抵御病原体（包括冠状病毒（CoV））的第一道防线。严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）-冠状病毒和中东呼吸综合征（中东呼吸综合征）-冠状病毒是21世纪初出现的流行性人畜共患冠状病毒。最近出现的病毒 SARS-CoV-2 是一种新型冠状病毒毒株，导致了 2019 年冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行。通过研究 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 爆发取得的科学进步为了解 SARS-CoV-2 的发病机制和先天免疫奠定了基础。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注目前对 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间先天免疫反应、炎症小体激活、炎症细胞死亡途径和细胞因子分泌的理解。我们还讨论了这些病毒的发病机制如何影响这些生物过程。