The goal of Industry 4.0 is to be faster, more efficient and more customer-centric, by enhancing the automation and digitalisation of production systems. Frequently, the production in Industry 4.0 is categorized as safety-critical, for example, due to the interactions between autonomous machines and hazardous substances that can result in human injury or death, damage to machines, property or the environment. In order to demonstrate the acceptable safety of production operations, safety cases are constructed to provide comprehensive, logical and defensible justification of the safety of a production system for a given application in a predefined operating environment. However, the construction and maintenance of safety cases in alignment with Industry 4.0 are challenging tasks. For their construction, besides the modular, dynamic and reconfigurable nature of Industry 4.0, the architectural levels of the things, fog and cloud computing have to be considered. The safety cases constructed at system design and development phases might be invalidated during production operations, thus necessitating some means for dynamic safety assurance. Moreover, flexible manufacturing in Industry 4.0 also underlines the need for safety assurance in a dynamic manner during the operational phase. Currently published studies are not explicitly supporting the safety assurance of Industry 4.0, which is the focus of this paper with special emphasis on dynamic safety assurance. At first, the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) techniques are used for the identification and mitigation/elimination of potential hazards. Next, based on the hazard analysis results, we derived the safety requirements and safety contracts. Subsequently, safety cases are constructed using the OpenCert platform and safety contracts are associated with them to enable necessary changes during runtime. Finally, we use a simulations based approach to identify and resolve the deviations between the system understanding reflected in the safety cases and the current system operation. The dynamic safety assurance is demonstrated using a use case scenario of materials transportation and data flow in the Industry 4.0 context.

工业4.0的目标是通过增强生产系统的自动化和数字化，以更快，更高效和更以客户为中心。例如，由于自主机器与有害物质之间的相互作用会导致人身伤害或死亡，机器，财产或环境破坏，因此工业4.0中的生产通常被归类为对安全至关重要的产品。为了证明生产操作的可接受安全性，构建了安全案例，以针对预定操作环境中的给定应用提供生产系统安全性的全面，逻辑和合理的依据。但是，与工业4.0相一致的安全案例的构建和维护是一项艰巨的任务。对于其结构，除了模块化之外，工业4.0具有动态和可重新配置的特性，因此必须考虑事物的架构级别，雾和云计算。在系统设计和开发阶段构建的安全案例在生产操作期间可能会失效，因此需要某种方式来进行动态安全保证。此外，工业4.0中的灵活制造还强调了在操作阶段以动态方式进行安全保证的需求。当前发表的研究并未明确支持工业4.0的安全保证，这是本文的重点，特别强调动态安全保证。首先，将危害与可操作性（HAZOP）和故障树分析（FTA）技术用于识别和缓解/消除潜在危害。接下来，根据危害分析结果，我们得出了安全要求和安全合同。随后，使用OpenCert平台构建安全案例，并与安全合同相关联以在运行时进行必要的更改。最后，我们使用基于仿真的方法来识别和解决安全案例中反映的系统理解与当前系统运行之间的偏差。在工业4.0上下文中，使用物料运输和数据流的用例场景演示了动态安全保证。我们使用基于仿真的方法来识别和解决安全案例中反映的系统理解与当前系统运行之间的偏差。在工业4.0上下文中，使用物料运输和数据流的用例场景演示了动态安全保证。我们使用基于仿真的方法来识别和解决安全案例中反映的系统理解与当前系统运行之间的偏差。在工业4.0上下文中，使用物料运输和数据流的用例场景演示了动态安全保证。