Abstract Defined as the backflow of a liquid film into a wellbore, liquid loading is a severe issue for gas wells because it decreases the production rate of gas. If the rate of liquid accumulation in the wellbore is extremely high, the production rate will significantly decrease, and, under extreme cases of accumulation, the operating company will abandon the well, leading to substantial financial losses. Consequently, to avoid this, it is appropriate for the operating company to predict and identify the liquid loading status of the gas wells and use practical tools and pathways to prevent such a loading. This paper introduces a model based on a liquid film reversal to predict liquid loading. It adopts the momentum balance equation of each phase as a basis and transcends the limits of earlier models. The proposed model relies on the theory, which assumes that the loading phenomenon initiates when the transition from an annular flow (liquid film surrounding the gas core) into a slug or churn flow takes place. Furthermore, the developed model considers the influences of the deviation angle, the tubing diameter, and the void fraction. The efficiency of the proposed model is evaluated by comparing it with few renowned existing models using vertical, inclined, and near-horizontal published gas field datasets, newly acquired ones, as well as laboratory datasets from published papers. As a result, the proposed model provides both the highest prediction accuracy and the least average errors. Further results show that the tubing diameter and the inclination angle are the leading influential parameters of the critical gas flow velocity/rate. Consequently, as the proposed model outperforms the earlier published models, it is the most suitable model for identifying and predicting the liquid loading in vertical, inclined, and near-horizontal gas wells.

中文翻译：

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直斜气井液体负荷预测与识别模型

摘要 定义为液膜回流到井筒中，液体加载是气井的一个严重问题，因为它会降低天然气的生产速度。如果井筒积液率极高，产量将显着下降，在极端积液情况下，作业公司将弃井，造成重大经济损失。因此，为避免这种情况，运营公司应预测和识别气井的液体装载状态，并使用实用的工具和途径来防止这种装载。本文介绍了一种基于液膜反转的模型来预测液体负载。它以各相的动量平衡方程为基础，超越了早期模型的局限。所提出的模型依赖于理论，假设当从环形流（围绕气核的液膜）转变为段塞流或搅动流时，加载现象就开始了。此外，开发的模型考虑了偏差角、油管直径和空隙率的影响。通过使用垂直、倾斜和接近水平的已发表气田数据集、新获得的气田数据集以及来自已发表论文的实验室数据集，将其与少数著名的现有模型进行比较，以评估所提出模型的效率。因此，所提出的模型提供了最高的预测精度和最小的平均误差。进一步的结果表明，管道直径和倾角是临界气体流速/速率的主要影响参数。最后，