Recent studies have provided great insight into hominin life history evolution by utilizing incremental lines found in dental tissues to reconstruct and compare the growth records of extant and extinct humans versus other ape taxa. Among the hominins, studies that have examined Retzius periodicity (RP) variation have come to contradictory conclusions in some instances. To clarify RP variation among hominins and better place this variation in its broader evolutionary context, we conduct the most comprehensive analysis of published RP values for hominins and great apes to date. We gathered all available data from the literature on RP data from extant humans, great apes, and fossil hominins and assessed their variation using parametric and nonparametric analyses of variance. We also performed phylogenetic generalized least-squares regressions of RP data for these taxa as well as a larger set of hominoids for which RP data have been published against data for body mass, encephalization, and mean semicircular canal radius (a proxy for metabolic rate). Our results show that modern humans have a mean RP significantly differing from that of other hominins. Pongo also is significantly different from nearly all other taxa in all analyses. Our results also demonstrate that RP variation among hominins scales with respect to body mass, encephalization, and semicircular canal radius similarly to other hominids but that modern humans and Pongo stand out in this regard. Operating within the hypothesis that RP reflects autonomic biorhythms that regulate multiple life history variables, our results reinforce the idea that Homo sapiens has evolved a life history distinct from other hominins, even from other members of Homo, and suggest that many of these life history differences may be driven by hypothalamic output from the brain.

最近的研究通过利用在牙齿组织中发现的增量系来重建和比较现存人类和绝种人类与其他猿类群的生长记录，从而对人的生命历史演变提供了深刻的见识。在人参当中，研究雷兹乌斯周期性（RP）变异的研究在某些情况下得出了矛盾的结论。为了弄清人参中的RP变异并更好地将该变异置于其更广泛的进化背景中，我们对人参和大猿迄今为止的RP值进行了最全面的分析。我们从文献中收集了来自现存人类，大猿和化石人源素的RP数据的所有可用数据，并使用方差的参数和非参数分析评估了它们的变化。我们还对这些类群以及相对于体重，脑电图和平均半规管半径的数据已经发布了RP数据的更大类人猿进行了系统发育的广义最小二乘回归分析。 。我们的结果表明，现代人的平均RP与其他人源素的平均RP明显不同。在所有分析中，Pongo也与几乎所有其他分类单元明显不同。我们的研究结果还表明，与其他人类动物相比，人类动物的RP相对于体重，脑电图和半规管半径有不同的尺度，但现代人和Pongo在这方面脱颖而出。在RP反映调节多个生活史变量的自主生物节律的假设下，我们的研究结果强化了智人已经进化出不同于其他人参（甚至不同于其他人）的生活史的观点，并暗示了许多这些生活史差异可能是由于大脑的下丘脑输出所驱动。