Abstract This research documents for the first time the detailed histological description of severe bone inflammation and the exceptional preservation of soft-bodied parasitical microorganisms inside the vascular canals of a non-avian dinosaur. The results bring new insights into the fields of parasitology, pathology, and histology in the fossil record. A senile titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Southeast Brazil presented acute osteomyelitis, identified by the presence of a highly reactive periosteum with a filigree pattern, and localized dome-like cortical tissue inflammation connecting the former to the medulla. Furthermore, tens of parasites were identified throughout the specimen's vascular canals. Novel histological insights resulted from the developmental description of an aggressive case of osteomyelitis. The lesions were either caused or facilitated by the parasitic infestation. This may be the earliest occurrence of infectious bone disease associated with parasites, adding new information to the complex biogeographic and evolutionary history of parasitic ailments.

中文翻译：

---

来自巴西东南部包鲁盆地上白垩纪金刚岩地层的非鸟类恐龙（蜥脚类恐龙，泰坦龙亚目）的血液寄生虫和急性骨髓炎

摘要 这项研究首次记录了严重骨骼炎症的详细组织学描述以及非鸟类恐龙血管管内软体寄生微生物的特殊保存。结果为化石记录中的寄生虫学、病理学和组织学领域带来了新的见解。来自巴西东南部上白垩纪的一只老年泰坦龙出现急性骨髓炎，表现为具有金丝状图案的高反应性骨膜，以及将前者连接到髓质的局部圆顶状皮质组织炎症。此外，在整个标本的血管管中发现了数十种寄生虫。新的组织学见解源于对侵袭性骨髓炎病例的发展描述。病变是由寄生虫感染引起或促进的。这可能是最早出现的与寄生虫有关的传染性骨病，为寄生虫病复杂的生物地理和进化历史增加了新的信息。