Aquaculture effluent is often associated with increased organic carbon, suspended solids, phosphates, nitrogenous species (nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia), chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand. This is regarded as a global threat to aquatic ecosystems due to its influence on surrounding waters as well as groundwater. The threat of aquaculture effluent is not confined to the aquatic ecosystems as high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen may become poisonous to plants and change their protein synthesis, enzyme activities, photosynthesis, oxidative stress response, membrane permeability, and respiratory processes. Other forms of water pollution such as the presence of heavy metals as well as pathogenic microbes are issues of concern since they can be transferred through the food chain. species have demonstrated great ability in the maintenance of water quality in aquaculture which is simple and cost-effective. This review highlights that modulates a wide range of water quality parameters including physical (transparency and total dissolved solids) and chemical (pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, alkalinity, phosphates, nitrogenous species, hardness) water quality parameters, heavy metals, oil spillage as well as maintenance of microbial balance; hence reduction in pathogenic microbes. The efficiency of in modulating water quality is greatly dependent on factors such as mode of application, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, source of nutrients, strain type, and metal ions. This review further highlights aquaculture activities that lead to pollution and the possible mechanisms used by for improving water quality. It is recommended that a range of optimum conditions be established to increase the efficiency of in modulating water quality. A better understanding of to the genetic level and the development of new genetic tools is also recommended since the ability of microorganisms to modulate water quality is related to their genetic make-up.

中文翻译：

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芽孢杆菌属物种在水产养殖水质维持中的应用：综述


水产养殖废水通常与有机碳、悬浮固体、磷酸盐、含氮物质（硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和氨）、化学需氧量和生物需氧量增加有关。由于其对周围水域和地下水的影响，这被认为是对水生生态系统的全球威胁。水产养殖废水的威胁不仅限于水生生态系统，因为高浓度的磷和氮可能对植物有毒，并改变其蛋白质合成、酶活性、光合作用、氧化应激反应、膜渗透性和呼吸过程。其他形式的水污染，例如重金属和病原微生物的存在，也是令人关注的问题，因为它们可以通过食物链转移。物种在水产养殖中表现出强大的水质维持能力，且简单且具有成本效益。本次审查强调调节广泛的水质参数，包括物理（透明度和总溶解固体）和化学（pH、电导率、化学需氧量、溶解氧、生物需氧量、碱度、磷酸盐、含氮物种、硬度）水质参数、重金属、溢油以及微生物平衡的维持；从而减少病原微生物。调节水质的效率很大程度上取决于应用方式、溶解氧、pH、温度、营养物来源、菌株类型和金属离子等因素。本综述进一步强调了导致污染的水产养殖活动以及改善水质的可能机制。 建议建立一系列最佳条件以提高调节水质的效率。还建议更好地了解遗传水平和开发新的遗传工具，因为微生物调节水质的能力与其遗传组成有关。