In view of the key problems of the discharge phenomenon caused by the impact of small space debris on the satellite's charged surface and the electromagnetic field induced entering the interior of the satellite after coupling through the aperture. In this paper, the characteristics of the coupling plasma, the plasma induced discharge and the propagation of the electromagnetic field induced by discharge through the aperture are studied by using the two-stage light gas gun loading system, the discharge charge monitoring system, the plasma diagnosis system and the electromagnetic testing system; Combined with the characteristic parameters of plasma inside and outside the Simulated satellite, the curves of discharge current and voltage, and the spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation inside and outside the simulated satellite, the characteristics of electromagnetic field propagating into the Simulated satellite through the aperture under different potential on the surface of the simulated satellite are analyzed. The experimental results show that the characteristic parameters of the ionized plasma produced by the ionization of the target and the projectile splash increase with the increase of the surface potential of the target, and the ionized plasma determines the discharge characteristics and electromagnetic field characteristics; After the electromagnetic field generated by the impact side propagates through the aperture into the inner of the simulated satellite, the electromagnetic field in the simulated satellite appears signal attenuation in most frequency bands, but signal enhancement occurs in a few frequency bands; The main reason of electromagnetic signal attenuation is that the electromagnetic field directions at the edge of the aperture and the back of the target are opposite to that at the impact side; The enhancement of electromagnetic signals in some frequency bands is caused by the plasma entering the simulated satellite.

鉴于由小空间碎片撞击卫星带电表面以及通过光圈耦合后感应进入卫星内部的电磁场引起的放电现象的关键问题。本文利用两级轻型气枪装填系统，放电电荷监测系统，等离子体，研究了耦合等离子体的特性，等离子体诱导的放电以及由放电引起的电磁场通过孔的传播。诊断系统和电磁测试系统；结合模拟卫星内外等离子体的特征参数，放电电流和电压的曲线以及模拟卫星内外电磁辐射的频谱特性，分析了在模拟卫星表面上不同电势下通过孔径传播到模拟卫星中的电磁场的特性。实验结果表明，随着靶表面电势的增大，靶的电离和弹丸飞溅产生的电离等离子体的特征参数增加，电离的等离子体决定了放电特性和电磁场特性。撞击面产生的电磁场通过孔径传播到模拟卫星的内部之后，模拟卫星中的电磁场在大多数频带中均出现信号衰减，但在少数频带中出现信号增强；电磁信号衰减的主要原因是光圈边缘和目标背面的电磁场方向与撞击侧相反。在某些频带中电磁信号的增强是由等离子体进入模拟卫星引起的。