Urolithiasis is the main indication for a ureteral JJ stent. Our aim was to determine the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) after a JJ stent for urolithiasis, with an emphasis on antibiotic use. Prospective, multicenter, cohort study over a 4-month period including all of the patients with urolithiasis requiring JJ stent insertion. The clinical and microbiological data and therapeutic information were recorded until removal of the JJ stent. Two hundred twenty-three patients at five French private hospitals were included. A urine culture was performed for 187 patients (84%) prior to insertion of a JJ stent, 36 (19%) of which were positive. One hundred thirty patients (58%) received an antibiotic therapy during surgery: 74 (33%) prophylaxis and 56 (25%) empirical antibiotic therapy, comprising 17 different regimens. The rate of prophylaxis varied according to the center, from 0 to 70%. A total of 208 patients were followed-up until removal of the first stent. The rate of UTIs was 6.3% (13/208); 8.1% of the patients who did not receive a prophylaxis had a UTI versus 1.4% of those who did receive a prophylaxis (p = 0.057). Seven empirical antibiotic regimens were used to treat these 13 patients. Another large panel of antibiotic prescriptions was observed at the time of JJ stent removal. The incidence of a UTI after JJ stent insertion for urolithiasis was 6.3%, in part due to a lack of prophylaxis. An unwarranted diversity of antibiotic use was observed at each step of care.

输尿管结石是输尿管JJ支架的主要适应症。我们的目的是确定JJ支架治疗尿路结石后的尿路感染（UTI）发生率，重点是抗生素的使用。为期4个月的前瞻性，多中心队列研究，包括所有需要插入JJ支架的尿路结石患者。记录临床和微生物学数据以及治疗信息，直到取出JJ支架。包括法国五家私立医院的233名患者。在插入JJ支架之前，对187例患者（84％）进行了尿培养，其中36例（19％）呈阳性。一百三十名患者（58％）在手术期间接受了抗生素治疗：74种（33％）预防性治疗和56种（25％）经验性抗生素治疗，包括17种不同的治疗方案。预防率因中心而异，从0到70％。总共208例患者得到了随访，直到取出第一个支架。尿路感染率是6.3％（13/208）；未接受预防的患者中有8.1％患有UTI，而未接受预防的患者中有1.4％（具有UTI（p  = 0.057）。七种经验性抗生素方案用于治疗这13例患者。在拆除JJ支架时，观察到另一组较大的抗生素处方。JJ支架置入尿路结石后尿路感染的发生率为6.3％，部分原因是缺乏预防措施。在每个护理步骤中观察到不必要的抗生素使用多样性。