For people living with HIV, determinants of immunological non-response (INR) to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) have not been fully elucidated. In a case-control study, we evaluated the influence of the nutritional and antioxidant status in HIV-1 adults whose cART was initiated between January 2001 and December 2013. Cases had persistent CD4 counts < 350/μL vs. > 350/μL for controls, after at least 2 years of cART with persistent viral loads (VL) < 50 copies/mL. Twelve cases and twenty-eight control subjects with the same CD4 count at cART initiation were compared for their nutritional and antioxidant status after age adjustment at dosage assessment. Patients were predominantly male (70%), Caucasian (82%) and at AIDS stage (62%). The median age was 53, and the median CD4 count was 245/mm³ for cases and 630/mm³ for controls after a median time of 7 years on cART. Despite higher energy intakes in cases, anthropometric data was comparable between groups who had similar vitamins B9/B12/C/D/E, zinc, citrulline and glutamine levels. Nine cases (75%) and 8 controls (29%) had hypervitaminosis A (> 2.70 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). Cases had lower erythrocyte resistance when exposed to a controlled free radical attack (p = 0.014). Most cases had hypervitaminosis A and altered antioxidant capacities that could affect immunological response. Wide-scale studies are required, but in the meantime, screening of their vitamin A status must be encouraged in these patients.

对于艾滋病毒感染者，尚未完全阐明对联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（cART）的免疫学无反应（INR）的决定因素。在一项病例对照研究中，我们评估了2001年1月至2013年12月发起cART的HIV-1成人的营养和抗氧化剂状态的影响。病例中持续CD4计数<350 /μL，而对照的CD4计数> 350 /μL cART至少2年后，持续病毒载量（VL）<50拷贝/ mL。在剂量评估时，对年龄调整后的cART启动时具有相同CD4计数的12例病例和28个对照受试者进行了营养和抗氧化剂状态的比较。患者主要是男性（70％），白人（82％）和处于艾滋病阶段（62％）。中位年龄为53岁，中位CD4计数为245 / mm ³在使用cART的中位时间为7年后，病例数为630 / mm ³。尽管案例中的能量摄入量较高，但人体测量数据在维生素B9 / B12 / C / D / E，锌，瓜氨酸和谷氨酰胺水平相似的组之间是可比的。9例（75％）和8例对照（29％）患有高维生素A（> 2.70μmol/ L）（p  = 0.030）。当暴露于受控的自由基攻击下时，患者的红细胞抵抗力较低（p  = 0.014）。大多数病例有维生素A过多症，抗氧化能力改变，可能影响免疫反应。需要进行大规模研究，但与此同时，必须鼓励对这些患者的维生素A状况进行筛查。