This article explores the relation between innovation and resources that are governed as commons by looking at the governance of potato genetic resources, especially in the context of the emergence of hybrid diploid potato breeding that will enable potato propagation through true seeds. As a new breeding tool, hybrid diploid potato breeding may not only revolutionize traditional potato breeding practices, it may also strongly affect current governance modes of potato genetic resources as a commons. Contrary to conventional accounts of the commons that treat technological innovation mainly as an exogenous factor, we argue that technological innovation can better be understood as an endogenous factor. In particular, we develop a co-production framework of innovation and the commons that draws attention to the different ways in which innovation, commons and its governance interact. Using this framework, we demonstrate that the constitution of potato genetic resources as a commons cannot be understood without considering the various ways in which technological innovation affects resources and mediate how these are governed. While reversely, technological innovations themselves are also enabled and constrained by users who govern potato genetic resources as a shared resource. We argue that changes in the governance of genetic resources can be understood as a change from one socio-technical constellation to another, whereby innovations, resources, and institutions are continuously co-produced.

中文翻译：

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创新与公地：马铃薯育种遗传资源治理的经验教训

本文通过研究马铃薯遗传资源的治理，特别是在杂交二倍体马铃薯育种出现的背景下，探讨了创新与作为公地治理的资源之间的关系，这将使马铃薯通过真正的种子繁殖。作为一种新的育种工具，杂交二倍体马铃薯育种不仅可能彻底改变传统的马铃薯育种方式，也可能强烈影响当前马铃薯遗传资源作为公地的治理模式。与将技术创新主要视为外生因素的传统公地解释相反，我们认为技术创新可以更好地理解为内生因素。特别是，我们开发了一个创新和公地的联合生产框架，它提请注意创新的不同方式，公地及其治理相互作用。使用这个框架，我们证明，如果不考虑技术创新影响资源的各种方式并调节这些资源的管理方式，就无法理解马铃薯遗传资源作为公地的构成。相反，技术创新本身也受到将马铃薯遗传资源作为共享资源进行管理的用户的支持和约束。我们认为，遗传资源治理的变化可以理解为从一个社会技术群到另一个社会技术群的变化，创新、资源和制度由此不断共同产生。我们证明，如果不考虑技术创新影响资源的各种方式并调节这些资源的管理方式，就无法理解马铃薯遗传资源作为公地的构成。相反，技术创新本身也受到将马铃薯遗传资源作为共享资源进行管理的用户的支持和约束。我们认为，遗传资源治理的变化可以理解为从一个社会技术群到另一个社会技术群的变化，创新、资源和制度由此不断共同产生。我们证明，如果不考虑技术创新影响资源的各种方式并调节这些资源的管理方式，就无法理解马铃薯遗传资源作为公地的构成。相反，技术创新本身也受到将马铃薯遗传资源作为共享资源进行管理的用户的支持和约束。我们认为，遗传资源治理的变化可以理解为从一个社会技术群到另一个社会技术群的变化，创新、资源和制度由此不断共同产生。