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Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events in the Moscow Agglomeration
Russian Meteorology and Hydrology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 , DOI: 10.3103/s1068373920070055
A. V. Kislov , L. I. Alekseeva , M. I. Varentsov , P. I. Konstantinov

Abstract

Based on monitoring data (surface observation network and satellites) and on the results of climate simulations with the COSMO-CLM and ENVI-MET models, the dynamics of the urban heat island (UHI) and wet/dry island and their 3D structure for the Moscow agglomeration are investigated. It is found that the Moscow UHI is maintained by the anthropogenic heat influx to the urban atmosphere. To some extent, UHI is self-induced due to the feedback mechanism (providing approximately 10% of the effect) between temperature and the downward flux of longwave radiation. The UHI creates a counterclockwise circulation of airflows. The UHI and its circulation system are logically considered a product of self-organization, when a meso-beta scale circulation system is generated under the influence of multiple actions of small (meso-gamma scale) impacts. The UHI is accompanied by the wet/dry island. The domed three-dimensional structure of the islands is disturbed under steady strong winds and is transformed into the plume structure. The interannual trend towards the UHI strengthening is noted. This determines the effect of the warming acceleration related to the global warming and an increase in the discomfort effects in the Moscow urban system. The intense heat waves (1972, 2002, and 2010) which caused catastrophic droughts and wildfires in the European part of Russia are the major factor of vulnerability of the Moscow economy and population. In addition, the influence of the anomalies is amplified by the urban environment.



中文翻译:

莫斯科城市群中的气候变化和极端天气事件

摘要

基于监测数据(地表观测网络和卫星)以及使用COSMO-CLM和ENVI-MET模型进行的气候模拟结果,城市热岛(UHI)和湿/干岛的动力学及其3D结构对莫斯科的集聚进行了调查。发现莫斯科UHI是由人为热流入城市大气而维持的。在某种程度上,由于温度和长波辐射的向下通量之间的反馈机制(提供了大约10%的影响),UHI是自感应的。UHI产生气流的逆时针循环。当在小(中γ尺度)影响的多重作用的影响下产生中β尺度的循环系统时,UHI及其循环系统在逻辑上被认为是自组织的产物。UHI伴随着干/湿岛。岛的圆顶三维结构在稳定的强风作用下受到干扰,并转变为羽状结构。指出了UHI加强的年度趋势。这决定了与全球变暖有关的加速变暖的影响以及莫斯科城市体系中不适感的增加。造成俄罗斯欧洲部分灾难性干旱和野火的强烈热浪(1972、2002和2010)是造成莫斯科经济和人口脆弱性的主要因素。另外,城市环境加剧了异常的影响。指出了UHI加强的年度趋势。这决定了与全球变暖有关的加速变暖的影响以及莫斯科城市体系中不适感的增加。造成俄罗斯欧洲部分灾难性干旱和野火的强烈热浪(1972、2002和2010)是造成莫斯科经济和人口脆弱性的主要因素。另外,城市环境加剧了异常的影响。指出了UHI加强的年度趋势。这决定了与全球变暖有关的加速变暖的影响以及莫斯科城市体系中不适感的增加。造成俄罗斯欧洲部分灾难性干旱和野火的强烈热浪(1972、2002和2010)是造成莫斯科经济和人口脆弱性的主要因素。另外,城市环境加剧了异常的影响。和2010年)造成了俄罗斯欧洲部分的灾难性干旱和野火,这是莫斯科经济和人口脆弱性的主要因素。另外,城市环境加剧了异常的影响。和2010年)造成了俄罗斯欧洲部分的灾难性干旱和野火,这是莫斯科经济和人口脆弱性的主要因素。另外,城市环境加剧了异常的影响。

更新日期:2020-10-16
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