Massive sulfide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) document the progression of ore-forming processes in the SW Iberian Variscides, throughout uppermost Devonian to Early Carboniferous. Sulfide ores are usually hosted in volcanic-dominated or shale-dominated successions belonging to the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex (VSC; Late Famennian to Late Visean). Yet, several important orebodies at Neves-Corvo are sitting within upper sections (Famennian) of the early deposited Phyllite–Quartzite Group (PQG). Four key sectors of the Portuguese segment of IPB were revisited and 262 samples collected to characterize the geochemical features of metapelites from PQG and VSC sequences in barren and fertile settings. The selected sectors include active (Neves-Corvo and Aljustrel) and old (Lousal) mines, besides promising brownfield (Gavião) and greenfield (Sesmarias) prospects, and other lithostratigraphic sections without known mineralization. The composition of PQG and VSC metapelites is similar and mainly controlled by a mixture of clayey-derived and quartz sandy-derived components largely resulting from different sources of granitic to granodiorite/quartz diorite composition. A third component of local volcaniclastic origin could be significant in many samples of upper VSC sections. Mineral transformations during diagenesis and/or hydrothermal alteration/mineralization partially overprinted the primary composition. During sedimentation/diagenesis, prevalent redox conditions were mostly confined to oxic environments, at places transiting to sub-oxic. Subsequent multistage interaction with reducing hydrothermal fluids (to which the sulfide mineralization is related) generated heterogeneous anoxic signs. Consistent increases in Fe₂O₃/TiO₂, (Cu + Zn + Pb)/Sc and (As + Sb)/Sc ratios to values above 10 represent a valuable footprint toward ore horizons.

伊比利亚黄铁矿带（IPB）的大量硫化物矿床记录了西南伊比利亚Variscides的成矿过程，从最高泥盆纪到早期石炭纪。硫化物矿石通常以火山为主或页岩为主的演替为主，这些演替属于火山沉积复合体（VSC；法门尼晚期至Visean晚期）。然而，涅夫斯-科尔沃的几个重要矿体都位于早期沉积的辉石-石英岩组（PQG）的上部（法曼尼）。考察了IPB葡萄牙段的四个关键部门，收集了262个样品，以表征在贫瘠和肥沃环境中PQG和VSC序列的变质岩的地球化学特征。选定的行业包括活跃的（Neves-Corvo和Aljustrel）和旧的（卢萨尔）地雷，除了有希望的布朗菲尔德（Gavião）和格林菲尔德（Sesmarias）前景外，还有其他未发现成矿作用的岩石地层剖面。PQG和VSC变质岩的成分相似，并且主要由粘土来源的成分和石英砂来源的成分的混合物控制，这些成分主要由花岗岩到花岗闪长岩/石英闪长岩的不同来源产生。火山碎屑起源的第三部分可能在许多VSC上部。成岩作用和/或热液蚀变/矿化过程中的矿物转化部分覆盖了主要成分。在沉积/成岩过程中，普遍的氧化还原条件主要局限于有氧环境，在过渡到低氧的地方。随后与还原性热液（与硫化物矿化有关）的多级相互作用产生了非均质缺氧迹象。Fe ₂ O ₃ / TiO ₂，（Cu + Zn + Pb）/ Sc和（As + Sb）/ Sc比值持续增加到大于10的值表示对矿石层位的宝贵足迹。