The magnetic properties and microstructures of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd thin films have been investigated for various concentrations of Mn. Nanocrystalline Co–Ni–Fe–Gd alloy thin films were deposited by electrodeposition method on copper substrate with different concentrations of Mn. Microstructures of the deposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd films were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and different morphologies such as one-dimensional flower-like crystallites and two-dimensional plate-like crystallites were observed. The Co–Ni–Fe–Gd alloy films exhibit both soft and hard magnetic properties as the Mn ion concentration is varied and the best soft magnetic character is obtained when Mn concentration is 0.1 M, which may be a good candidate for MEMS and recording media.

中文翻译：

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Co-Ni-Fe-Gd-Mn电沉积薄膜的磁性和微观结构

已经针对不同浓度的 Mn 研究了电沉积 Co-Ni-Fe-Gd 薄膜的磁性和微观结构。采用电沉积法在不同Mn浓度的铜基体上沉积纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe-Gd合金薄膜。用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 研究了沉积的 Co-Ni-Fe-Gd 薄膜的微观结构，并观察到了不同的形态，例如一维花状微晶和二维板状微晶。Co-Ni-Fe-Gd合金薄膜随着Mn离子浓度的变化而表现出软磁和硬磁性能，当Mn浓度为0.1 M时获得最佳软磁特性，这可能是MEMS和记录介质的良好候选者.