The receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are increased in atherosclerotic plaques. Soluble (s)RAGE decreases, whereas the extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end products (EN-RAGE) increases inflammatory responses mediated by RAGE. The aims were to explore whether sRAGE, EN-RAGE and the EN-RAGE/sRAGE ratio, were associated with the use of lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) and/or antihypertensive drugs (AHD) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Cross-sectional design. T1D patients were consecutively recruited from one diabetes clinic. Blood samples were collected, supplemented with data from electronic health records. sRAGE and EN-RAGE were analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. An EN-RAGE/sRAGE ratio was calculated. Adjustments were performed with inflammatory and metabolic variables, s-creatinine, depression, smoking, physical inactivity, medication, and cardiovascular complications. Multiple regression analyses were performed. In this study 283 T1D patients (men 56%, 18–59 years) were included. One-hundred and thirty LLD users compared to 153 non-users had lower levels of the EN-RAGE/sRAGE ratio (P = 0.009), and 89 AHD users compared to 194 non-users had lower levels of sRAGE (P = 0.031). The use of LLD (inversely) (B coefficient − 0.158, P = 0.033) and the use of AHD (B coefficient 0.187, P = 0.023) were associated with the EN-RAGE/sRAGE ratio. sRAGE (Lg10) (per unit) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.4–9.1, P = 0.009), EN-RAGE (Lg10) (per unit) (inversely) (AOR 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–1.0, P = 0.046), age (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P < 0.029), were associated with LLD. sRAGE (Lg10) (per unit) (inversely) (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.5, P = 0.001), diabetes duration, triglycerides, s-creatinine, and systolic BP (all P values < 0.043), were associated with AHD. Higher sRAGE levels and lower EN-RAGE levels were linked to the use of LLD, whereas lower sRAGE levels were linked to the use of AHD. No other variables but the use of LLD and the use of AHD were linked to the EN-RAGE/sRAGE ratio. This may be of major importance as sRAGE is an inhibitor and EN-RAGE is a stimulator of inflammatory processes mediated by RAGE.

中文翻译：

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较高水平的晚期糖基化终产物可溶性受体和较低水平的细胞外新发现的晚期糖基化终产物受体与 1 型糖尿病患者的降脂药物相关：一项比较横断面研究

动脉粥样硬化斑块中晚期糖基化终产物 (RAGE) 的受体增加。Soluble (s)RAGE 减少，而细胞外新发现的晚期糖基化终产物受体 (EN-RAGE) 会增加 RAGE 介导的炎症反应。目的是探讨 sRAGE、EN-RAGE 和 EN-RAGE/sRAGE 比值是否与 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 患者使用降脂药物 (LLD) 和/或抗高血压药物 (AHD) 相关. 横断面设计。T1D 患者是从一家糖尿病诊所连续招募的。收集了血液样本，并补充了来自电子健康记录的数据。sRAGE 和 EN-RAGE 通过酶联免疫吸附测定进行分析。计算EN-RAGE/sRAGE比率。对炎症和代谢变量、s-肌酐、抑郁症、吸烟、缺乏运动、药物治疗和心血管并发症。进行了多元回归分析。在这项研究中，包括 283 名 T1D 患者（男性 56%，18-59 岁）。130 名 LLD 用户与 153 名非用户相比，EN-RAGE/sRAGE 比率水平较低（P = 0.009），89 名 AHD 用户与 194 名非用户相比，sRAGE 水平较低（P = 0.031） . LLD 的使用（相反）（B 系数 - 0.158，P = 0.033）和 AHD 的使用（B 系数 0.187，P = 0.023）与 EN-RAGE/sRAGE 比率相关。sRAGE (Lg10)（每单位）（调整优势比 (AOR) = 3.5，95% CI = 1.4–9.1，P = 0.009），EN-RAGE (Lg10)（每单位）（相反）（AOR 0.4，95% CI = 0.2–1.0，P = 0.046）、年龄（P < 0.001）和甘油三酯（P < 0.029）与 LLD 相关。sRAGE (Lg10)（每单位）（相反）（AOR = 0.2，95% CI = 0.1–0.5，P = 0.001）、糖尿病病程、甘油三酯、s-肌酐和收缩压（所有 P 值 < 0.043）与 AHD 相关。较高的 sRAGE 水平和较低的 EN-RAGE 水平与使用 LLD 相关，而较低的 sRAGE 水平与使用 AHD 相关。除了 LLD 的使用和 AHD 的使用之外，没有其他变量与 EN-RAGE/sRAGE 比率相关。这可能非常重要，因为 sRAGE 是一种抑制剂，而 EN-RAGE 是 RAGE 介导的炎症过程的刺激剂。除了 LLD 的使用和 AHD 的使用之外，没有其他变量与 EN-RAGE/sRAGE 比率相关。这可能非常重要，因为 sRAGE 是一种抑制剂，而 EN-RAGE 是 RAGE 介导的炎症过程的刺激剂。除了 LLD 的使用和 AHD 的使用之外，没有其他变量与 EN-RAGE/sRAGE 比率相关。这可能非常重要，因为 sRAGE 是一种抑制剂，而 EN-RAGE 是 RAGE 介导的炎症过程的刺激剂。