Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland—a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1158.9–1944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded. The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.

中文翻译：

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利用高分辨率数据为城市气候规划提供信息：马里兰州巴尔的摩的 Hestia 化石燃料二氧化碳排放量


城市排放量占全球人为二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放量的 70% 以上，并正在通过可持续规划和发展引领减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放的努力。然而，城市温室气体减排通常依赖于自我报告的排放估算，而这些估算可能不完整且无法通过温室气体大气监测来验证。我们展示了马里兰州巴尔的摩市的 Hestia 范围 1 化石燃料二氧化碳 (FFCO2) 排放量，这是 2010 年至 2015 年网格化的年度和每小时排放数据产品 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6)。我们还将赫斯提亚-巴尔的摩排放量与巴尔的摩 2014 年自我报告清单中重叠的范围 1 FFCO2 排放量进行比较。2014 年赫斯提亚-巴尔的摩排放量总计 1487.3 kt C（95% 置信区间为 1158.9–1944.9 kt C），最大排放量排放量来自道路（占城市总排放量的 34.2%）、商业（19.9%）、住宅（19.0%）和工业（11.8%）部门。范围一电力生产和海运排放量一般均低于该市总排放量的10%。巴尔的摩自行报告的范围 1 FFCO2 排放量包括道路、建筑物内的天然气消耗以及城市范围内的一些发电设施。自我报告的范围 1 FFCO2 总量为 1182.6 kt C，与 Hestia-Baltimore v1.6 中匹配排放部门和燃料的总和相似。然而，赫斯提亚-巴尔的摩 20.5% 的排放量来自未包含在自我报告清单中的行业和燃料。建筑物中的石油使用被忽略，工业点源、海运、非道路车辆、铁路和飞机的所有范围 1 排放均被明确排除。 建筑物中石油燃烧的遗漏以及多个部门的分类排除导致巴尔的摩自我报告清单中范围 1 FFCO2 排放总量的低估。需要准确的范围 1 FFCO2 排放量以及范围 2 和 3 排放量，为有效的城市决策提供全系统温室气体减排的信息。我们强调需要进行全面的范围 1 排放估算，以进行排放核查并使用大气监测衡量实现范围 1 温室气体减排目标的进展情况。