Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticle-Coated Silica Microsphere with Large Optical Nonlinearity and High Quality Factor,ACS Photonics

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Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticle-Coated Silica Microsphere with Large Optical Nonlinearity and High Quality Factor
ACS Photonics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01079
Kyuyoung Bae ₁ , Jiangang Zhu ₁ , Connor Wolenski ₁ , Ananda Das ₂ , Thomas M. Horning ₂ , Steven Pampel ₂ , Michael B. Grayson ₁ , Mo Zohrabi ₁ , Juliet T. Gopinath _{1,

2} , Wounjhang Park _{1,

3}

Affiliation

High nonlinearity optical devices are of interest for compact, low power devices. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators offer strong nonlinear optical responses due to high quality factors and the small mode volume. To achieve high nonlinearity with these WGM devices, both a material with a high nonlinear index as well as a high quality factor is required. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an excellent nonlinear material due to an exceptionally high nonlinear refractive index found at the epsilon-near-zero wavelength. However, ITO’s enormous absorption at this point prohibits having a resonator with a high quality factor. Here, we present a novel ITO nanoparticle-coated silica microsphere with significantly enhanced nonlinearity while maintaining high quality factors. Nonlinear refractive index and quality factor of the ITO nanoparticle-coated silica microsphere are obtained by fitting the measured transmission spectra with a theoretical model that includes thermal and Kerr effects. By controlling the number of particles on a silica surface, we achieve 39–187 times higher nonlinear indices compared with a pure silica microsphere and quality factors between 10⁶ and 10⁷. The study establishes a new avenue toward novel nonlinear optical devices based on ITO nanoparticles, which can be readily incorporated in a variety of geometries.

中文翻译：

大光学非线性和高品质因数的氧化铟锡纳米粒子包覆二氧化硅微球

高非线性光学器件是紧凑型低功率器件的关注点。耳语画廊模式（WGM）微谐振器由于高质量因素和小模式体积而提供了强大的非线性光学响应。为了使用这些WGM器件实现高度非线性，既需要具有高非线性指数又需要具有高品质因数的材料。氧化铟锡（ITO）是出色的非线性材料，因为在ε近零波长处具有异常高的非线性折射率。但是，ITO在这一点上的巨大吸收阻止了具有高品质因数的谐振器。在这里，我们提出了一种新型的ITO纳米颗粒包覆的二氧化硅微球，具有显着增强的非线性，同时又保持了高质量的因素。ITO纳米颗粒包覆的二氧化硅微球的非线性折射率和品质因数是通过将测得的透射光谱与包括热效应和Kerr效应的理论模型拟合而获得的。通过控制二氧化硅表面上的颗粒数量，我们获得的非线性指数是纯二氧化硅微球的39–187倍，质量系数为10⁶和10 ⁷。这项研究为基于ITO纳米粒子的新型非线性光学器件建立了新途径，该器件可以很容易地并入各种几何形状。

更新日期：2020-11-18

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