Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), combining the mutually exclusive functionalities of high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency, lie at the center of a wide range of technological applications. The current design strategy for n-type TCOs, making wide bandgap oxides conducting through degenerately doping, obtains successful achievements. However, the performances of p-type TCOs lag far behind the n-type counterparts, primarily owing to the localized nature of the O 2 p-derived valence band (VB). Modulation of the VB to reduce the localization is a key issue to explore p-type TCOs. This Perspective provides a brief overview of recent progress in the field of design strategy for p-type TCOs. First, the introduction to principle physics of TCOs is presented. Second, the design strategy for n-type TCOs is introduced. Then, the design strategy based on the concept of chemical modulation of the valence band for p-type TCOs is described. Finally, through the introduction of electron correlation in strongly correlated oxides for exploring p-type TCOs, the performance of p-type TCOs can be remarkably improved. The design strategy of electron correlation for p-type TCOs could be regarded as a promising material design approach toward the comparable performance of n-type TCOs.

中文翻译：

---

p型透明导电氧化物的设计策略

透明导电氧化物 (TCO) 结合了高导电性和高光学透明度的相互排斥功能，是广泛技术应用的核心。目前的 n 型 TCO 设计策略，通过简并掺杂使宽带隙氧化物导电，取得了成功的成果。然而，p 型 TCO 的性能远远落后于 n 型对应物，主要是由于 O 2 p 衍生价带 (VB) 的局部性质。对 VB 进行调制以减少定位是探索 p 型 TCO 的关键问题。本视角简要概述了 p 型 TCO 设计策略领域的最新进展。首先，介绍了 TCO 的原理物理。其次，介绍了 n 型 TCO 的设计策略。然后，描述了基于 p 型 TCO 价带化学调制概念的设计策略。最后，通过在强相关氧化物中引入电子相关性来探索 p 型 TCO，可以显着提高 p 型 TCO 的性能。p 型 TCO 的电子关联设计策略可被视为一种有前途的材料设计方法，可与 n 型 TCO 的性能相媲美。