Argo, the international array of profiling floats, is a major component of the global ocean and climate observing system. In 2010, the NAOS (Novel Argo Observing System) project was selected as part of the French “Investissements d’Avenir” Equipex program. The objectives of NAOS were to consolidate the French contribution to Argo’s core mission (global temperature and salinity measurements down to 2000 m), and also to develop the future generation of French Argo profiling floats and prepare the next phase of the Argo program with an extension to the deep ocean (Deep Argo), biogeochemistry (BGC-Argo) and polar seas. This paper summarizes how NAOS has met its objectives. The project significantly boosted France’s contribution to Argo’s core mission by deploying more than 100 NAOS standard Argo profiling floats. In addition, NAOS deployed new-generation floats as part of three scientific experiments: biogeochemical floats in the Mediterranean Sea, biogeochemical floats in the Arctic Ocean, and deep floats with oxygen sensors in the North Atlantic. The experiment in the Mediterranean Sea, launched in 2012, implemented and maintained a network of BGC-Argo floats at basin scale for the first time. The 32 BGC-Argo floats deployed and about 4000 BGC profiles collected have vastly improved characterization of the biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics of the Mediterranean. Meanwhile, experiments in the Arctic and in the North Atlantic, starting in 2015 and deploying 20 Arctic BGC floats and 23 deep floats, have provided unique observations on biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic and deep-water masses, as well as ocean circulation variability in the North Atlantic. NAOS has therefore paved the way to the new operational phase of the Argo program in France that includes BGC and Deep Argo extensions. The objectives and characteristics of this new phase of Argo-France are discussed in the conclusion.

中文翻译：

---

准备新阶段的Argo：NAOS项目的科学成果

Argo 是国际剖面浮标阵列，是全球海洋和气候观测系统的主要组成部分。2010 年，NAOS（新型 Argo 观测系统）项目被选为法国“Investissements d'Avenir”Equipex 计划的一部分。NAOS 的目标是巩固法国对 Argo 核心任务（全球温度和盐度测量低至 2000 米）的贡献，并开发下一代法国 Argo 剖面浮标，并为 Argo 计划的下一阶段扩展做准备到深海 (Deep Argo)、生物地球化学 (BGC-Argo) 和极地海洋。本文总结了 NAOS 如何实现其目标。该项目通过部署 100 多个 NAOS 标准 Argo 剖面浮标，显着提高了法国对 Argo 核心任务的贡献。此外，NAOS 部署了新一代浮标，作为三个科学实验的一部分：地中海的生物地球化学浮标、北冰洋的生物地球化学浮标和北大西洋的带有氧传感器的深浮标。地中海实验于 2012 年启动，首次在盆地规模上实施和维护了 BGC-Argo 浮标网络。部署的 32 个 BGC-Argo 浮标和收集的大约 4000 个 BGC 剖面大大改善了地中海生物地球化学和生态系统动态的表征。同时，从 2015 年开始在北极和北大西洋进行的实验，部署了 20 个北极 BGC 浮标和 23 个深浮标，对北极和深水团的生物地球化学循环以及海洋环流变化提供了独特的观测。北大西洋。因此，NAOS 为法国 Argo 计划的新运营阶段铺平了道路，其中包括 BGC 和 Deep Argo 扩展。结论部分讨论了 Argo-France 新阶段的目标和特点。