In the Carpathian Basin the wild boar (Sus scrofa) belongs among the most important game species both ecologically and economically, therefore knowing more about the basics of the genetics of the species is a key factor for accurate and sustainable management of its population. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and to elucidate the genetic structure and location of wild boar populations in the Carpathian Basin. A total of 486 samples were collected and genotyped using 13 STR markers. The number of alleles varied between 4 and 14, at 9 of the 13 loci the observed heterozygosity was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the expected value, showing remarkable introgression in the population. The population was separated into two groups, with an Fst value of 0.03, suggesting the presence of two subpopulations. The first group included 147 individuals from the north-eastern part of Hungary, whereas the second group included 339 samples collected west and south of the first group. The two subpopulations’ genetic indices are roughly similar. The lack of physical barriers between the two groups indicates that the genetic difference is most likely caused by the high reproduction rate and large home range of the wild boars, or by some genetic traces’ having been preserved from both the last ice age and the period before the Hungarian water regulation.

中文翻译：

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喀尔巴阡盆地野猪（Sus scrofa）种群遗传结构

在喀尔巴阡盆地，野猪 (Sus scrofa) 属于生态和经济上最重要的猎物物种之一，因此更多地了解该物种的遗传学基础知识是对其种群进行准确和可持续管理的关键因素。本研究的目的是估计遗传多样性并阐明喀尔巴阡盆地野猪种群的遗传结构和位置。总共收集了 486 个样本，并使用 13 个 STR 标记对其进行了基因分型。等位基因的数量在 4 到 14 个之间变化，在 13 个基因座中的 9 个基因座中，观察到的杂合性与预期值显着不同（p < 0.05），表明群体中存在显着的基因渗入。种群被分为两组，Fst 值为 0.03，表明存在两个亚种群。第一组包括来自匈牙利东北部的 147 个人，而第二组包括在第一组西部和南部收集的 339 个样本。这两个亚群的遗传指数大致相似。两组之间缺乏物理障碍表明，遗传差异很可能是由于野猪的高繁殖率和较大的栖息地造成的，或者是由于最后一个冰河时代和那个时期都保留了一些遗传痕迹。在匈牙利水法规之前。