Chagas disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi affects millions of people. Although its first genome dates from 2005, its complexity hindered a complete assembly and annotation. However, the new sequencing methods have improved genome annotation of some strains elucidating the broad genetic diversity and complexity of this parasite. Here, we reviewed the genomic structure and regulation, the genetic diversity, and the analysis of the principal multi-gene families of the recent genomes for several strains. The telomeric and sub-telomeric regions are sites with high recombination events, the genome displays two different compartments, the core and the disruptive, and the genome plasticity seems to play a key role in the survival and the infection process. Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) genome is composed mainly of multi-gene families as the trans-sialidases, mucins, and mucin-associated surface proteins. Trans-sialidases are the most abundant genes in the genome and show an important role in the effectiveness of the infection and the parasite survival. Mucins and MASPs are also important glycosylated proteins of the surface of the parasite that play a major biological role in both insect and mammal-dwelling stages. Altogether, these studies confirm the complexity of T. cruzi genome revealing relevant concepts to better understand Chagas disease.

中文翻译：

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克鲁兹锥虫基因组：组织、多基因家族、转录和生物学意义

由寄生虫克氏锥虫引起的恰加斯病影响数百万人。尽管其第一个基因组可以追溯到 2005 年，但其复杂性阻碍了完整的组装和注释。然而，新的测序方法改进了一些菌株的基因组注释，阐明了这种寄生虫广泛的遗传多样性和复杂性。在这里，我们回顾了几个菌株的基因组结构和调控、遗传多样性以及最近基因组的主要多基因家族的分析。端粒和亚端粒区域是重组事件较多的位点，基因组显示出两个不同的区室：核心区室和破坏区室，基因组可塑性似乎在生存和感染过程中发挥着关键作用。克氏锥虫 (T. cruzi) 基因组主要由反唾液酸酶、粘蛋白和粘蛋白相关表面蛋白等多基因家族组成。转唾液酸酶是基因组中最丰富的基因，在感染的有效性和寄生虫的存活中发挥着重要作用。粘蛋白和 MASP 也是寄生虫表面的重要糖基化蛋白，在昆虫和哺乳动物栖息阶段发挥着重要的生物学作用。总而言之，这些研究证实了克氏锥虫基因组的复杂性，揭示了更好地了解恰加斯病的相关概念。